1. Les Cartes de Grammaire
Chapitre 9

2. Relative Pronouns- qui, que, dont
Means that, which, who, or whom?
Used to describe someone or something previously mentioned
QUI
QUE
DONT
Meaning
That, which, who
That, which, whom
That, whom, whose
Usage
Subject
Followed by a verb
Object
Followed by subject+verb
Replaces prepositional phrase with “de”
Possession
Example
Le film qui est super, c’est Harry Potter.
La pièce que j’ai vue, c’était géniale!
C’est le film dont j’ai peur, mais c’est aussi le film dont la vedette est beau.

3. Present Participles The “-ing” form Form: Drop: “-ons” of nous form
Add: -ant
Irregulars: être  étant, savoir  sachant, avoir  ayant
NOT USED THE SAME AS ENGLISH
Present Participle: replaces relative pronoun qui + verb.
Le film qui passe maintenant, c’est celui que j’ai vu.  Le film passant maintenant, c’est celui que j’ai vu.
Gerund: Add “en” before a present participle to indicate that someone is doing something at the same time as something else. Replaces pendant que + same sujbect + verb
J’ai mangé pendant que j’ai lu.  J’ai mangé en lisant.
As an adjective
C’est une histoire passionante!

4. Interrogative Pronouns
Means which one?, used to ask a question.
Refers back to a previously mentioned noun (pronoun will agree with that noun!).
Ex: You want to watch a series? Which one? Tu veux regarder une série? Laquelle?
Masculine
Feminine
Singular
Lequel
Laquelle
Plural
Lesquels
Lesquelles

5. Demonstrative Pronouns
Means the one/the ones, used to demonstrate
Refers back to a previously mentioned noun (agreement!)
Ex: Which movie do you like? The one with Johnny Depp!
Quel film aimes-tu? Celui avec Johnny Depp!
To distinguish “this one” from “that one,” or “these” from “those,” add –ci (this) or –là (that) after the pronoun
Ex: Which apples do you want? Those!
Quelles pommes voudrais-tu? Celles-là!
Ex: I want a toy. Which one? This one!
Je voudrais un jouet. Lequel? Celui-ci!
Masculine
Feminine
Singular
Celui
Celle
Plural
Ceux
Celles