1. Where do people migrate?
GLOBAL, REGIONAL, AND NATIONAL MIGRATION FLOWS

2. Global Migration Flows
Prior to the 1500s, global-scale migration was haphazard
A complete map of the world’s continents did not exist until the early 1800s
European explorers played a major role in mapping the world
European colonization began during this time

3. Colonization
A physical process where the colonizer takes over another place, putting its own government in charge
First Europeans colonized the Americas, the coasts of Africa, and parts of Asia
Eventually Europeans colonized the interiors of Africa and Asia

4. Major Routes of Migration before 1950

5. Eight Waves of Migration
Movement from Europe to North America
Southern Europe to South and Central America
Britain and Ireland to Africa and Australia
Africa to the Americas
India to eastern Africa, SE Asia, and Carribean
China to SE Asia
Eastern US to Central and Western US
Eastern Europe to Central and East Asia

6. Regional Migration Flows

7. Regional Migration Flows
Each of the eight major migration flows involved crossing an ocean or continent
Migration also occurs at a regional scale, with migrants going to a neighboring country
Reasons for regional migration:
Short-term economic opportunities
Reconnect with cultural group
Flee political conflict or war

8. Economic Opportunities
European colonialism helped establish islands of development
Coastal cities whose establishment is based on access to trade
Most foreign investment, jobs, and major infrastructure is located here
Ex: Chinese in SE Asia

9. Reconnection of Cultural Groups
Regional migration flows also center on reconnecting cultural groups across borders
Example: Jewish immigration to Israel

10. Conflict and War
Regional migration flows may occur as people flee their countries due to political turmoil or war
Example: East Germans fleeing to West Germany prior to the Berlin Wall
Example: Cuban refugees fleeing to the US to escape a communist government (considered refugees)

11. National Migration Flows

12. National Migration
Migration within a country; also called internal migration
Two waves of migration in the United States:
The first wave of migration moved the population westward during the age of Manifest Destiny
The second wave moved the population from the industrialized north to the south for economic opportunities
Is this still true today?

13. Refugees

14. Three characteristics of Refugees
Most refugees move without any more tangible property than they can carry with them
Most refugees make their first step by foot, bicycle, wagon, or boat
Most refugees move without official documents that accompany channeled migration.

15. Regions of Dislocation
Where do the Refugees go?

16. Regions of Dislocation
In the early 21st century, sub-Saharan Africa has the largest number of refugees in the world
The second largest concentration was in Northern Africa, and Southwest Asia
South Asia ranks third

17. Refugee Locations

18. World Refugee Map