1. Project Risk Management Case Study Commercial Construction
Introduction
The Workplace
The Project Structure
Duties
Overlapping Duties & the CCC’s
Reasonably Practicable
Review Examples & Findings
Closing the Gaps in Workplace H & S

2. Introduction
Third party reviews of commercial construction projects (typically new school builds or large renovations) over the last 18 Months 
Average project length of 12 months
Generally monthly reviews (some weekly, some bi monthly)
Reviews are a snapshot in time measured against industry good practice.
Reviews are designed to coach, educate monitor safety and review (where necessary change) contractor performance in health and safety
Reviews completed using HazardCo’s Review App
Person in control or who manages a workplace must ensure so far as reasonably practicable the workplace, the means of entering and exiting the workplace, and anything else arising from the workplace are without health and safety risks to any person.
Reasonably Practicable Defined as follows:

3. The Workplace - Schools
BOT
PCBU’s
Principal
Students
School

4. The Workplace – A Typical Project StructurePM
company
MOE
Main Contractor
company
Complex relationship with the big issues being ongoing Coordination, Consultation and Cooperation across all PCBU’s. The reality is that contractors often do not talk to each other about what's happening on site
company
HazardCo

5. Duties and Responsibilities
MOE/PM/Contractor's/School = All PCBU’s = Primary Duty of Care  (PDC)
PDC= Ensure the health and safety of workers, and others whose activities they influence or direct, so far as reasonably practicable.
PCBU’s who Control or Manage a Workplace must ensure that no person is exposed to a health and safety risk
Workers need to take reasonable care for their own health and safety and that of others and to comply with reasonable instructions including following policies and procedures.
ALL PCBU’s in a workplace have the same duties and these overlap
Multiple PCBU’s involved in the same workplace must Consult, Coordinate & Cooperate to manage H & S risk management
Primary Duty of Care - Person in control or who manages a workplace must ensure so far as reasonably practicable the workplace, the means of entering and exiting the workplace, and anything else arising from the workplace are without health and safety risks to any person.

6. Workplace – Risk Management Overlapping PCBU Duties - Consult, Cooperate Coordinate
School
Principal PM
Main Contractor
C C C
Regular CCC between parties key to a safe site example Utilities being isolated on a site, plan available and provided to PM, not pushed down to all contractors, no physical markings (and if there were would all workers understand what they meant?) results in a near electrocution, Main contractor decides the outcome
Manage Risks
School
PCBU’s
Sub Contractors & Workers

7. Review Context - Reasonably Practicable
DO NOT OVER COMPLICATE RISK MANAGEMENT
WorkSafe’s View
Reasonably Practicable is a judgement call you, as the PCBU, must make. It involves weighing a risk against the resources (time and cost) needed to manage it. 
Before Weighing up if something is Reasonably Practicable, You should first consider common controls for common risks.
If you follow industry standards or commonly accepted guidelines for carrying out a task (eg common controls), then the likelihood is that you are already taking suitable actions to ensure health and safety.
Where these are available, WorkSafe expects people to follow them under most circumstances. 
If there isn’t a common control for a risk then you need to evaluate the risk and your options to control it.
Then, lastly, you would consider the costs and if they are proportionate to the risk. 
Person in control or who manages a workplace must ensure so far as reasonably practicable the workplace, the means of entering and exiting the workplace, and anything else arising from the workplace are without health and safety risks to any person.
Reasonably Practicable Defined as follows:

8. Fencing Site Security / Excavations
Low Standard Fencing
Person in control or who manages a workplace must ensure so far as reasonably practicable the workplace, the means of entering and exiting the workplace, and anything else arising from the workplace are without health and safety risks to any person.

9. Fencing Site Security Good Standard Fencing
Person in control or who manages a workplace must ensure so far as reasonably practicable the workplace, the means of entering and exiting the workplace, and anything else arising from the workplace are without health and safety risks to any person.

10. Electrical Safety Low Standard Electrical Safety
Person in control or who manages a workplace must ensure so far as reasonably practicable the workplace, the means of entering and exiting the workplace, and anything else arising from the workplace are without health and safety risks to any person.

11. Electrical Safety Good Standard Electrical Safety
Person in control or who manages a workplace must ensure so far as reasonably practicable the workplace, the means of entering and exiting the workplace, and anything else arising from the workplace are without health and safety risks to any person.

12. Scaffold Safety Low Standard Scaffold
Person in control or who manages a workplace must ensure so far as reasonably practicable the workplace, the means of entering and exiting the workplace, and anything else arising from the workplace are without health and safety risks to any person.

13. Scaffold Safety Good Standard Scaffold
Person in control or who manages a workplace must ensure so far as reasonably practicable the workplace, the means of entering and exiting the workplace, and anything else arising from the workplace are without health and safety risks to any person.

14. Site Housekeeping/Airborne Contaminants
Low Standard
Person in control or who manages a workplace must ensure so far as reasonably practicable the workplace, the means of entering and exiting the workplace, and anything else arising from the workplace are without health and safety risks to any person.

15. Site Housekeeping/Airborne Contaminants
Good Standard
Person in control or who manages a workplace must ensure so far as reasonably practicable the workplace, the means of entering and exiting the workplace, and anything else arising from the workplace are without health and safety risks to any person.

16. Workplace Risks Summary
KEY – Sample 120 Reviews
Q1 Public protection and site security
Q2 H&S documents required
Q3 Task analysis documents
Q4 Workplace inductions
Q5 Emergency management
Q6 Hazardous substance management
Q7 Electrical safety
Q8 Power tools
Q9 Safe use of ladders
Q10 Appropriate PPE
Q11 Appropriate noise management
Q10 Airborne contaminants managed
Q13 Gas cutting / welding equipment
Q14 Site housekeeping
Q15 Stacked materials
Q16 Manual handling
Q17 Appropriate fall protection in place
Q18 Restraint and fall arrest
Q19 Scaffolding and edge protection
Q20 Tools and materials secured
Q21 Plant and equipment maintenance
Q22 Safe excavations
Q23 Vehicles safely managed
Q24 Lone Workers

17. Closing the Gaps in Workplace H & S
Contractors #1
Engage competent contractors with a good history and track record of safety management who understand their responsibilities
Documents
Require relevant documents on site e.g. SSSP, TA’s, Emergency Plans, Plant & Equipment Registers Proof of Competency
# 2
CCC
# 3
Ensure regular engagement with all PCBU’s on site eg prestart meetings, inductions, site reviews and toolbox meetings and stress the 3 C’s
Review & Monitor
Review the site on every visit (use App) - Monitor Contractors performance against industry good practice – Regular random reviews change behaviour #4
Competent Contractors - Should be assessed as having good health and safety in pace and a good track record of safe practices
Documents - Appropriate for the site and work being undertaken and relevant to the risks
CCC - Consult, Cooperate, Coordinate Ensure H &S covered in Pre start meetings (see Prestart checklist) talk to PCBU’s and Workers on Site, not just at meetings, ensure regular toolbox meetings being held on site, talk to school and ensure everyone understands their roles
Review & Monitor – Use Site Checklist or our App to ensure H 7 S in place eg SSSP, inductions, toolbox meetings and reviews being undertaken on site. Assess the site using App, seek advice if unsure. Also ensure downstream Contractors are reviewing their own work areas and regularly communicating with those in the workplace. Are incident investigations underway and findings passed to you (MOE) and presumably head office.
Act on what you see or find or hear - discuss with relevant PCBU’s -drive positive H & S behaviors ensure issues are resolved in a timely manner
Escalate – In a timely manner, not comfortable seek 2nd opinion, don’t take a contractor at their word if you think there are issues. Shut site down if need be
Lead Set the standards required eg Fllow MOE Site Visit Doc (I would go further eg no step ladders, minimum PPE, etc) where the correct PPE, encourage inductions during visits and updates when going onto site. Workers will not manage safety if they think those in charge don’t take it seriously. Upskill in Health and safety eg have an understand the basics of industry best practice –This helps to drive a culture of safety first down the food chain
Act #5
Leadership
Stop unsafe practices, Report review findings to key stakeholders, seek advice and escalate where required - insist on safe practices – Do not ignore (accept) unsafe practice
Be an example, promote safety first, be accountable, wear appropriate PPE, encourage safe behaviour at every opportunity and know what safe looks like – promote everyone is responsible for they can control or influence #6