1. Approaches in Psychology
Psychology Timeline
The Learning Theories
Behaviourism
Classical Conditioning
Operant Conditioning
Social learning theory

2. Homework
Make sure you have completed the “Homework for lesson 6 - Biopsychology” work for next lesson - Don’t forget the tracking test in 2 lessons time

3. Starter – previous lessons
Name the three types of experiment
Name six techniques used in observations
What is the nature-nurture debate
What three stores make up the multi-store model of memory (Atkinson and Shiffrin)
What is the capacity of STM
What is the duration of LTM
Who was the musician studied with extreme amnesia?
Name two types of LTM

4. Core Skills: Taking notes
Note taking is a skill that you need to be a successful student.
DO NOT write every word. Practice using the minimum words possible. For example, something this ‘wordy’…
Tabula Rasa is what behaviourists think that we all start with. Our minds are a blank slate and we have to fill in the information. this means we learn everything, with very little of our behaviour attributed to nature so is a term used on the nurture side of the debate…
Could be…
Tabula Rasa: Blank Slate, Behaviourist term, bhr not innate but learned, nurture. (NB: here Bhr is short for behaviour)
You have five minutes in silence to take down some notes about what you have learned from the starter.

5. Psychology Timeline
On your own, cut out the terms and glue them to an A3 sheet making a psychology timeline. You can discuss in pairs, but you’ll need your own copy for your notes This is linked to the homework that you completed

6. On BWB and in groups. You need to complete these two tasks at the same time not one after the other
1. Summarise the assumptions of the behaviourist approach (not social learning theory)
2. Using the classical conditioning technique, use the terms below to demonstrate your understanding of Pavlov’s research.
UCS NS UCR CS CR

7. UCS
UCR
Neutral Stimulus
No Response
UCR
Neutral Stimulus
UCS CS CR

8. Eye on the exam
You could be asked to apply your knowledge of classical or operant conditioning to ANY real life scenario using all of the key terms. Try this one…Sara and her baby on MWB

9. Apply classical conditioning to attachment
Apply classical conditioning to attachment. What is the UCS, UCR, NS, CS, CR for the baby?
Sara gives birth to a baby girl and initially the baby is happy to be picked up by anybody at all and her reaction is the same if she is picked up by Sara or a total stranger. When the baby is fed she seems very happy and content and will stop crying or moaning. Sara is breastfeeding her baby and she notices that after a couple of weeks the baby starts to show signs of happiness and will stop crying immediately if Sara goes to pick her up without her offering food.

10. + Answer: Do you agree? UCS = Food UCR = Happy and content after food
NS = Sara
No response to Sara
UCS = Food +
NS = Sara
UCR = Happy and content after food
CS = Sara
CR = Happy and content in presence of Sara

11. Now do the example as a written paragraph, you have 6 minutes
Now do the example as a written paragraph, you have 6 minutes. NO TALKING!
Daisy has a little brother Billy and recently he has noticed that he has started to show signs of being scared of his uncle Bob when previously his response was always fairly neutral. She can’t understand why. Her Dad says it all started when uncle Bob set a new ring tone on his phone that was a really loud siren that Billy cried at. Eventually (after a month) uncle Bob changed the ring tone but Billy still doesn’t seem to like uncle Bob!
Using classical conditioning explain why Billy doesn’t like uncle Bob (6 marks)
Answer: Initially it states that Billy was neutral to uncle Bob so he started out as the neutral stimulus (1 mark). However his new ring tone made Billy scared so the loud siren ring tone was the Unconditioned stimulus and the fear the unconditioned response (2 more marks if both bits correct) Uncle Bob had his ring tone for a month so Billy came to associate him with his scarey ring tone (1 mark) and eventually Bob became the conditioned stimulus (1 mark) and his fear and dislike for uncle Bob is the conditioned response, which is why now billy doesn’t like him even though his ring tone is different (1 mark)

12. In pairs on MWB answer the following
What is operant conditioning?
What is classical conditioning?
Learning occurs when an animal associates a behaviour with a specific consequence, so repeats the behaviour
Learning occurs when an animal associates a stimulus with an automatic responce

13. In pairs, on MWBs answer the following questions
What is positive reinforcement?
What is negative reinforcement?
Positive reinforcement occurs when behaviour strengthens a particular behaviour…
Negative reinforcement occurs when something unpleasant is removed or stopped…

14. Positive or negative reinforcement?
1. Ian always does his homework so that he doesn’t get any detentions.
2. Beth likes to tell jokes because her friends usually laugh.
3. Brad goes to the gym everyday as he is worried that otherwise his partner will go off him
4. Sue always cheats when she plays kahoot as she desperately wants a go in the prize bag!
Now write one of your own and I’ll pick a few so the class can guess which on it is.
Positive
Negative
Negative
Positive

15. Social learning theory Pictionary
On MWBs, In pairs you have 4 minutes to pick one of the terms draw/explain it until your partner guesses then move on. Finish before 4 minutes is up? Keep going with more
role model identification imitation
direct reinforcement modelling attention
motor reproduction retention
motivation vicarious reinforcement

16. In pairs or alone to test yourself
In pairs or alone to test yourself. Explain this scenario using all the social learning theory key terms
Syd is a really placid child but in the last week his mum is worried as he has started hitting and biting them! She asks at nursery and the teacher says he has started spending a lot of time (the last month) with an older boy (Dave) who is a biter! Syd apparently loves Dave and whenever he bites other children the other kids laugh and think he’s funny. The nursery teacher says she doesn’t see anything wrong with a bit of biting and turns a blind eye and told his mum that when Syd bit her the other day she just laughed it off as the other kids found it so amusing.
Role model
Imitation
Identification
Attention
Retention
Motor reproduction
Motivation
Direct reinforcement
Vicarious reinforcement

17. Have you used all the terms?
Role model –Dave is older and same sex and he “loves” him so is a role model
Imitation-He clearly is imitating his behaviour as is now biting and hitting
Identification- Syd clearly identifies with Dave and see himself as similar to him (same sex and similar age)
Attention-Syd clearly pays attention to Dave so has watched his biting!
Retention-he has stored this in his memory for about 3 weeks
Motor reproduction-he has the ability to bite so has the skills to motor reproduce
Motivation-He has seen Dave reinforced (vicarious reinforcement) so this gives motivation along with teacher turning a blind eye so not punishing which would reduce behaviour
Direct reinforcement- when Syd carried out the action and bit the teacher the other kids laughed so positively reinforced his behaviour and she laughed too!
Vicarious reinforcement-See kids laughing at Dave and wants that too!

18. Eye to exam again!
Attempt the following question using SLT techniques to apply. You have 7 minutes. You can choose to write in sentences or just pull out he key terms depending on how confident you feel but do it on your own. If you are struggling, remember the ‘three before me’ rule.

19. Explain Lucy’s behaviour using the principles of Social Learning Theory (6 marks)
Lucy loves celebrity websites and reading all the gossip about her favourite female idols. In particular, she likes to see what the celebrity females are wearing and whether their outfits are judged “hot” or “not!” by editors. On the websites, there are often articles about “amazing” celebrity diets accompanied by photos of celebrities fabulous body shapes. Lucy often likes to imagine her own photo on the websites and the editors praising her appearance. Lucy’s mother discourages her from visiting those websites, she is worried that they are causing a change in eating habits and recent weight loss. Her friends, however, have commented recently that she “looks good” with her more slimline figure. (6 marks)
Role model
Imitation
Identification
Attention
Retention
Motor reproduction
Motivation
Direct reinforcement
Vicarious reinforcement

20. Possible answers Role model – Favourite female idols/celebrities
Imitation-She is copying as is now on a diet and losing weight
Identification- she identifies with the celebrities as they are clearly role models and female and so this increases the likelihood of her repeating this. She imagines herself like them also so clearly thinks she is like them.
Attention-she reads the articles and looks at the pictures so is paying attention
Retention-she has stored this in memory as thinks about herself in the situation
Motor reproduction-she has the ability and skills to motor reproduce the dieting
Motivation-She sees them being labelled “hot” and being praised by editors(vicarious reinforcement) so this gives motivation
Direct reinforcement- Her friends say she looks good now she has lost weight.

21. Homework: make sure you have completed homework for Biopsychology on psych205 Tracking test in 2 lessons time on everything you’ve studied so far. A tracking test tests you on your knowledge