1. Skeletal System

2. Bones The skeleton has two major parts:
Axial skeleton are the bones of the head and trunk
Appendicular
skeleton are the
bones of the pelvis shoulder girdle and
limbs.

3. Bones Functions of the skeleton Aid in movement of the body
Support and protect internal body organs
Produce red and white blood cells
Store minerals for the bodies usage.

4. Bones Ossification-process of bone formation.
Ossification begins in week 8 of an embryos development.
A baby is born with 270 bones and an adult has 206 bones
A babies bones are soft and ossification continues and makes them hard and able to bear weight.

5. Bones Diaphysis-long bone containing a shaft.
Epiphysis-end of long bone
Medullary canal-center of the shaft where bone marrow is
Spongy bone-breakdown of hard bone
Periosteum-fibrous tissue covering the bone

6. Bones
Bone growth starts from the center of the diaphysis and moves to the epiphyseal ends (end of the bones)

7. Bones Osteoblasts-bone cells involved in the formation of new bone.
Osteoclasts-bone cells involved in the breakdown of old bone.

8. Bones
When the epiephyseal cartilage is completely ossified growth stops.
This is approximately 18 in females and in males.
Does this mean bone growth stops? Why or why not?

9. Bones-Types Long Bones-arms and legs Flat Bones-skull, ribs, sternum
Irregular bones-vertebrae, coxyxx, facial bones.
Short bones-cubelike bones of the tarsals/carpals
Sesamoid bones- small bones that float in tendon

10. Bones Simple/closed fracture- break in bone that does not pierce skin
Femur fracture

11. Bones
Open/Compound Fracture- the fractured end penetrates the skin. Possible infection.
tibia/fibula fracture

12. Bones
Stress fracture-small incomplete break in the bone that results from overuse, weakness or biomechanical problems.

13. Bones
Epiphyseal Plate Fracture-break in the bone at the growth plate. Typically in children 10-16, most often at wrist or ankle.

14. An avulsion fracture

15. Landmarks
A landmark on a bone is a place where something attaches or changes direction.

16. Landmarks to know Fossa-hollow or depression
Groove- ditchlike groove containing a tendon or blood vessel.

17. Landmarks to Know Epicondyle- prominence above or on a condyle
Tubercle/tuberosity- rounded projection
Spine- long thin projection.