1. The Civil War Begins

2. War Erupts at Fort Sumter
Southern states were taking control of the forts within their borders
Fort Sumter was running low on supplies
Confederate leaders attacked the fort before supplies arrived. This marked the beginning of the Civil War.

3. Choosing Sides
Border states: slave states that bordered states where slavery was illegal
1863 – western counties of Virginia broke away from Virginia (a Confederate state) and formed West Virginia

4. Planning Strategies Confederacy
Hoped foreign dependence on cotton would gain military aid from Great Britain and France
Believed the North would weaken if fighting went on for a long time – the South would fight a defensive war
Union
Anaconda Plan: designed to strangle the South’s economy
Naval blockade of South’s coastline
Take control of Mississippi River
Capture Richmond, VA (the Confederate capitol)

5. First Battle of Bull Run
Union forces attacked Confederates near Bull Run Creek
Many expected a quick battle & end to the war.
Confederates were driven back but Thomas Jackson and his regiment stood strong.
Confederate forces launched a counter-attack.

6. What did we learn from Bull Run?
The war would be bloody (4700 casualties at Bull Run!)
It would not be over quickly
Southern soldiers would fight fiercely to defend the Confederacy

7. Joining the Cause

8. George McClellan Commanded Union army in EAST
Restored soldiers’ confidence after Bull Run defeat
Reluctant to attack Confederate capitol at Richmond; Lincoln grew impatient with him

9. General Ulysses S. Grant
Union general in WEST
Strategy: “Find out where your enemy is. Get him as soon as you can. Strike at him as hard as you can, and keep moving on.”
Captured 2 river forts in Tennessee; opened up a river highway for the Union

10. Robert E. Lee Confederate General
Renewed Confederate hopes of winning the war by ending Union threat in Virginia
Reversed the previous Confederate strategy of fighting a defensive war
He decides to use the Virginia plan that involves invading the North

11. Battle of Antietam
September 17, 1862: McClellan (Union) stopped Lee (Confederate) as he was heading for the North
Bloodiest day in American history (23,000 men dead or wounded)
Neither side had gained any ground by nightfall
Lee & his troops retreated to Virginia
McClellan didn’t follow; Lincoln was frustrated at this and fired McClellan

12. Life in the Army

13. Hardships of War Confederate soldiers sometimes lacked shoes
After battle soldiers often took coats, boots, and other clothing from the dead
Food became scarce. Soldiers often couldn’t access supply trains and had to find food on their own.

14. Unhealthy Living Conditions
Military camps were filthy, smelled from garbage and latrines
Soldiers would go weeks without bathing or washing their clothes
Soldiers, their bedding, & clothing became infested with fleas and lice.
Primitive medical techniques & unhealthy conditions spread disease

15. Return of the grudge!
Who was the General of the West and who was the General of the East for the Union Army?
Give 2 reasons why the Battle at Fort Sumter is considered significant. (Worth up to 2 points)
What is the name of the Union’s military strategy/plan?
Up to 4 grudge points can be earned on todays quiz.