1. UV photoprotection by combination topical antioxidants vitamin C and vitamin E 
Jing-Yi Lin, MDa,*, M.Angelica Selim, MDa, Christopher R. Shea, MDb,**, James M. Grichnik, MD, PhDa, Mostafa M. Omar, PhDc, Nancy A. Monteiro-Riviere, PhDd, Sheldon R. Pinnell, MDa 
Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 
Volume 48, Issue 6, Pages (June 2003)
DOI: /mjd
Copyright © 2003 American Academy of Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions

2. Fig. 1
Vehicle (VEH) and combination vitamins C and E (C & E) were applied to pig skin daily for 4 days. Skin was irradiated with solar-simulated UV irradiation, 1 to 5 minimal erythema dose (MED) at 1-MED intervals. Erythema was determined 1 day later.
Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology  , DOI: ( /mjd )
Copyright © 2003 American Academy of Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions

3. Fig. 2
Vehicle, vitamin C (C), vitamin E (E), and combination (C&E) were applied to pig skin daily for 4 days. Skin was irradiated with solar-simulated UV irradiation, 1 to 5 minimal erythema dose (MED) at 1-MED intervals. Clearly delineated erythema was determined 1 day later. Antioxidant protection factor was determined as ratio of MED in antioxidant-treated skin in comparison with control skin. Mean ± SD (n = 3). * P < .05.
Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology  , DOI: ( /mjd )
Copyright © 2003 American Academy of Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions

4. Fig. 3
Vehicle, vitamin (Vit) C, Vit E, and combination (Vit C&E) were applied to pig skin daily for 4 days. Skin was irradiated with solar-simulated UV irradiation, 1 to 5 minimal erythema dose (MED) at 1-MED intervals. Erythema was measured by colorimeter. Mean ± SD (n = 3). *P < .05.
Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology  , DOI: ( /mjd )
Copyright © 2003 American Academy of Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions

5. Fig. 4
Vehicle and combination vitamins C and E (C & E) were applied to pig skin daily for 4 days. Skin was irradiated with 1 minimal erythema dose of solar-simulated UV irradiation. One day later skin was biopsied and sunburn cells were delineated in tissue sections stained with hematoxylin-eosin.
Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology  , DOI: ( /mjd )
Copyright © 2003 American Academy of Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions

6. Fig. 5
Vehicle, vitamin (Vit) C, Vit E, and combination (Vit C&E) were applied to pig skin daily for 4 days. Skin was irradiated with solar-simulated UV irradiation, 1 to 5 minimal erythema dose (MED) at 1-MED intervals. Sunburn cells were counted and are expressed as cells per millimeter of epidermis. Mean ± SD (n = 3). *P < .05.
Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology  , DOI: ( /mjd )
Copyright © 2003 American Academy of Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions

7. Fig. 6
Combination vitamins C and E (C & E) was applied to pig skin daily for 4 days. Treated and control skin was irradiated with 4 minimal erythema doses of solar-simulated UV irradiation. One day later thymine dimers were determined by immunohistochemistry.
Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology  , DOI: ( /mjd )
Copyright © 2003 American Academy of Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions

8. Fig. 7
Combination vitamins C and E (C&E) were applied to pig skin daily for 1 to 4 days. Skin was irradiated with solar-simulated UV irradiation 1 to 4 minimal erythema dose (MED) at 1-MED intervals. Results of colorimeter readings of erythema (A) and sunburn cells (B) 1 day after irradiation. Error bars have been eliminated for clarity. Mean ± SD (n = 3). In comparison with control P <.05 for all observations.
Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology  , DOI: ( /mjd )
Copyright © 2003 American Academy of Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions

9. Fig. 8
Combination vitamins C and E (C&E) were applied to pig skin (500 μL) daily for 4 days or entire amount (2000 μL) as single application. Skin was irradiated with solar-simulated UV irradiation, 1 to 4 minimal erythema dose (MED) at 1-MED intervals. Results of colorimeter readings of erythema (A) and sunburn cells (B) 1 day after irradiation. Mean ± SD (n = 3). In comparison with control, P < .05 for all observations.
Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology  , DOI: ( /mjd )
Copyright © 2003 American Academy of Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions