1. By Sajjad Salim Saud Supervised by Professor Dr.Ghazi Y. A. Al-Emarah
Epidemiological , Molecular and Immunological Characterization study of Parabronema SKrjabini in Sheep and Goat in Basrah Province By
Sajjad Salim Saud
Supervised by
Professor Dr.Ghazi Y. A. Al-Emarah

2. Introduction
Gastrointestinal parasite infections are a worldwide problem for small and large animals. Domesticated small ruminants, especially sheep and goat are important sources of protein.
Nematodes (round worms) are unsegmented worms, hair like ,tubular worms, ranging in size from afew millimeters to several centimeters .

3. Introduction:
Nematodes are a group of worms, which are sponsible for most of the helminthes diseases of veterinary importance and tissues or organs of every class of vertebrates.
The abomasum is one of the most important sites for nematode infection, and infection could be harmful to the health of infected animals causing economic losses due to reduced weight gain and other production losessize.

4. Introduction
Infection by gastrointestinal parasites in sheep and goats can result in severe losses. Production losses result from decreased utilization of food and in severe cases from death.Insufficient information is available about possible pathology caused by P. skrjabini infection and its morphomolecular dimensions have not been extensively studied.

5. Introduction
Parabronema skrjabini is one of the nematodes that inhabits the abomasum of ruminants and has a wide distribution in Africa, Asia and some Mediterranean countries.It has been reported in a number of studies from Mongolia , Kazakhstan , Saudi Arabia , Namibia ,Turkey and Iran .In Kirkyzistan this parasite has been found in sheep, and in domestic animal in Auzbakistan. In Iraq there was a few studies about this parasite,while, in our province this is the first .

6. Introduction ParabronemaSkrjabini
characterized by red –frish red in color , slender and long . female longer than male. it's infected foundic and mucosal layer which covers the abomasum it was firmly embedded there,Can recognized by spiral liner, or form of egg was longitudinal or filiform.

7. Introduction:
To differentiate between the abomasal nematodes, the ITS2 rDNA sequences were targeted as the best candidate for this purpose.The ITS2 sequence of Parabronema has only been examined in two study, In China in which samples were isolated from camels,In Iran the ITS2-rDNA sequences of P. skrjabini from sheep and goats that the first study in the world.

8. Introduction: Male oParabronema skrjabini
Parabronema skrjabini in the abomasums.

9. Aims of study
Epidemiological study for slaughtered animals which infected with P.skrijabini .
molecular study of P.skrijabini by PCR techniques to isolate the gen ITS-2 as a diagnostic for genus and spices .
preparation the antigens from adult P.skrijabini that isolated from slaughtered animals ( sheep and goat )

10. Aims of study
4. Histopathological study of infected abomasums with P.skrijabini
5. Using a natural substance to store and fixation parasites for long time.

11. Materials and methods Histopathological Study DNA Extraction Antigen
purification
PCR
technique