1. Cell Respiration

2. Cell Respiration
Complex process where cells make ATP by breaking down organic compounds
Starts with glycolysis
Makes small amount of ATP

3. Glycolysis
1 glucose molecule breaks down to produce 2 pyruvic acid molecules
Small amount ATP made

4. What is after glycolysis?
If no oxygen present, cell respiration branches to anaerobic respiration
Anaerobic respiration = making energy when no oxygen present
Fermentation
If oxygen present, cell respiration branches to aerobic respiration
2. Aerobic respiration = making energy when oxygen is present

5. 1. Anaerobic Respiration
Absence of oxygen = cells convert pyruvic acid to other compounds
ATP is NOT produced with fermentation
Fermentation:
Alcoholic fermentation
Lactic acid fermentation
Fermentation creates molecules necessary to make ATP when oxygen is present

6. Alcoholic Fermentation
Pyruvic acid from glycolysis gets converted into ethyl alcohol
Microorganisms play essential role
Yeast
Sugar and Yeast

7. Alcoholic Fermentation
Yeast allows for bubbles to release CO2
Products utilize this fermentation:
Beer, wine, bread, etc.
In bread, the dough rises by forming the bubble inside the dough. Ethyl alcohol that is produced evaporates when baking (resulting in the strong smell)

8. Lactic Acid Fermentation
Pyruvic acid from glycolysis is converted into lactic acid
Microorganisms play essential role
Fungi or bacteria
Sugar to lactic acid

9. Lactic Acid Fermentation
Manufacture food products:
Sauerkraut, cheese, soy sauce, yogurt, etc.
Occurs in muscle cells after heavy exercise
Muscle cramps, fatigue, & pain
Muscle cells use up oxygen more rapidly than it can be delivered to them. As oxygen become depleted, the muscle cells begin to switch from aerobic respiration to lactic acid fermentation . Which may result in cells having less capacity to contract resulting in muscle fatigue and pain

10. 2. Aerobic Respiration Oxygen available = mass production of ATP
2 major steps:
Krebs Cycle
Electron Transport Chain (ETC)

11. Krebs Cycle Finishes breaking down glucose from glycolysis
Releases CO2 that we exhale
Small amount of ATP made

12. Electron Transport Chain
Most ATP made
ETC lines inner membrane of mitochondria
ETC utilizes oxygen to charge enzymes to produce ATP

13. Cell Respiration Formula: C6H12O6 + 6O2  6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP
glucose + oxygen  carbon dioxide + water + energy
38 ATP generated