1. Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration
Energy Unit
Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

2. Photosynthesis Light 6 CO2 + 6 H20 C6 H12 O6 + 6 O2
Occurs in the chloroplast – transforms light energy into chemical energy
Light Dependent Reactions (Photosystem I and Photosystem II) occur in the stacks of thylakoid membranes called Grana.
Products: ATP, NADPH, and O2
Light Independent Reactions (Calvin Cycle) occur in the stroma of chloroplasts.
Products: Glucose, ADP, and NADP+

3. Identify the light independent and the light dependent reactions

4. Types of Photosynthesis
C3 Plants - Plants which use only the Calvin cycle for fixing the carbon dioxide from the air are known as C3 plants. In the first step of the cycle CO2 reacts with RuBP to produce two 3-carbon molecules of 3-phosphoglyceric acid (3-PGA).
Found - cooler, wetter, cloudier climates
C4 /CAM Plants - a plant that cycles carbon dioxide into four-carbon sugar compounds to enter into the Calvin cycle. These plants are very efficient in hot, dry climates and make a lot of energy.
Found - bright, dry, warm places (maize, sugar cane, many desert plants)
Advantage – They allow the plant to fix carbon more efficiently at night during the Calvin Cycle.
Disadvantage – More efficient with water, but less efficient with light

5. Why do you think this cycle is important to living organisms?
Convert potential energy of organic molecules to a form that can be used or stored

6. What is the function of the Calvin Cycle?
Uses ATP and NADPH to convert CO2 to Sugar

7. Cellular Respiration C6 H12 O6 + 6 O2 6 CO2 + 6 H20 + ATP
Mitochondria transfer chemical energy from food to make ATP
Break down carbohydrates to provide energy for the cell in the form of ATP

8. Step 1: Glycolysis
No Oxygen needed
Produces a net of 2 ATP and 2 NADH
Breaks down 6-carbon sugar into 2 – 3-carbon pyruvate or pyruvic acid molecules

9. Step 2: Krebs Cycle
The process by which the chemical breakdown of glucose is completed and CO2 is produced
Oxygen required
2 ATP produced

10. Step 3: Electron Transport Chain (ETC)
A series of membrane-embedded electron carriers that ultimately create the hydrogen ion gradient to drive the synthesis of ATP
Produces the most ATP – 34 ATP
Occurs in the matrix of the mitochondria

11. Total ATP produced from Aerobic Respiration

12. What happens when no oxygen is present?
Anaerobic Respiration
Fermentation – an oxygen-depleted process that makes a small amount of ATP
Alcoholic Fermentation – beer and wine
Lactic Acid Fermentation – Causes sore muscles and muscle fatigue after a hard workout.