1. The Rise of Segregation
Resistance and Repression

2. African Americans in the South
Share Croppers
Gave Landlords large portions of their crops as payment instead of using money.
Created chronic debt for the farmers
Many people eventually left farming for other jobs.
Exodusters head to Kansas
Mid-1870s
Benjamin “Pap” Singleton
Urged people to move west of Kansas
6000 people moved to kansas
Called an “Exodus”
People were known as Exodusters

3. Separate Alliance
African American farmers join poor white farmers to create a separate farming alliance
1886, Established the Colored Farmers’ National Alliance
By 1890 there were 1.2 million members
Populist Party
Established in 1891
Democratic Party feared the joining of poor whites and African Americans
Used racism to scare white voters into not joining
Claimed “Black Republican Rule”

4. Imposing segregation
A movement to take away African American rights gained followers.
Taking Away the vote
15th Amendment, citizens have the right to vote
Cannot be discriminated against due to race, gender, or previous servitude
Methods to make voting a challenge for African Americans
Poll tax
$2 to vote
Literacy test
Grandfather clause
Allowed White Men to vote if he had a relative that voted in 1867
Legalizing segregation
Discrimination

5. Jim Crow Laws
“It shall be unlawful for a negro and white person to play together or in company with each other in any game of cards or dice, dominoes or checkers.” —Birmingham, Alabama, 1930

6. Civil Rights Cases 1883, Supreme Court set out to legalize segregation
Overturned the Civil Rights Act of 1875
14th amendment
No state could deny equal protection under the law to it’s citizens for public places
Private businesses could practice segregation
Southern States made public places separate

7. Plessy vs. Ferguson
1892
Homer Plessy challenged riding in separate train cars for blacks and whites
Arrested for riding in the “white’s only” car
Upheld the ruling of separate cars
Separate but equal
Difference between political rights and social rights

8. African American Response

9. Ida B. Wells 187 lynching/year without proper court proceedings 1892
Mob chased her out of town
1895
Moved to Chicago to publish a book about mob violence

10. Mary Church Terrell College educated woman born during the civil war
Stated organizations
National Association of Color Women
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)
Women wage-earners Association
Assisted nurses, waitresses, and domestic workers
Led a boycott of department stores

11. Booker T. Washington Influential Educator
Called for Economic goals rather than political goals
1895, speech
The Atlanta Compromise
Mostly white audience
Proposed that African Americans postpone fighting for civil rights to get educations and jobs.

12. W.E.B DuBois Leader of a new generation of African American Activists
1903, The Souls of Black Folk
Saw no reason to give up Civil Rights
Concerned with protecting voting rights