1. Period I Technological & Environmental Transformations to 600 B.C.E.

2. How did Geography impact the 1st four Civilizations?

3. Mountain River Valley Civilizations
The first 4 Civilizations on the planet appeared beside Rivers that originated from Mountains
& flooded each year

4. The Cities were NOWHERE near the Mountains, and probably didn’t know about them

5. Equation # 5 Mountain Rivers + Fertile Flood Plains = BIG Civilizations

6. Mountain Rivers carry nutrients as they move to lower elevations

7. Each year as the snow melts the flow of water increases

8. The extra water floods the river below, sometimes hundreds of miles away

9. As the flood waters dry, the silt left behind creates fertile soil for crops
#1 What is this?
#2 What is this?

10. SILT (Mountain Nutrients) = FERTILIZER!

11. Better Soil = More Crops More Crops = More Food More Food = More People

12. Equation # 6 Cities are Like Magnets!
HUH???

13. "You can never step in the same river twice
"You can never step in the same river twice." Heraclitus It’s called Cultural Diffusion What does it mean?

14. Cultural Diffusion: Culture: Everything about a group + Diffusion: To Mix When 2 Cultures meet… They MIX!

15. People are attracted to Cities WHY
People are attracted to Cities WHY? The City’s Culture leaves the City HOW?

16. The First 4 Civilizations:
Sumer - Tigris & Euphrates Rivers
~ 3500 B.C. Mesopotamia (Middle East)
Egypt - Nile River ~ 3000 B.C.
Northeast Africa
India - Indus River ~ 2500 B.C.
Western Subcontinent of India
China - Yangtze & Yellow Rivers
~ 2000 B.C. Eastern China

17. < > | | 100, , BC BC < > | , BC

18. Look for Geographic Advantages & Disadvantages

19. Mesopotamia
Tigris: 1200 miles
Euphrates: 2200
Sumerians

20. Mesopotamia? Meso = Middle/Between Potamia = River (Hippopotamus = River Horse) Land between 2 Rivers

21. Mesopotamia • Mesopotamia – Land between 2 Rivers (Iraq): Tigris & Euphrates • City-States – Whole country in a City • Dynasty – Grandfather, Dad, Son,.… are Kings • Cultural Diffusion – People meet, Culture mixes • Polytheism – More than 1 god (What if it’s 1?) • Empire – Civilization takes over another • Cuneiform – First Writing! • Hammurabi – First King to write down Laws

22. Egypt
Nile: 4000 Miles

23. Egypt is in Africa!

24. Pharaoh:
Part god,
Part King…
LOTS Of
POWER?

25. Egypt • Delta – Where the River slows down, spreads out, & goes into the ocean • Pharaoh – Part King, part god • Pyramid – Giant burial tomb for Pharaohs • Mummification – (Watch the movie) • Hieroglyphics – Egyptian picture writing • Papyrus – A plant used to make paper! • Memphis – Early Capital (North) • Thebes – Later Capital (South)

26. Harappa
and
Mohenjo-Daro
India
(Modern Pakistan)
Indus: 2000

27. In between India & China…

28. Aryan Invasion

29. Monsoon Winds

30. India • Subcontinent - Geographic name for India (Sub = below) • Monsoon - Seasonal winds, dry or wet • Harappa Civilization - First in India (Also known as Indus River Civilization) • Aryans – Invade & Conquer India

31. Hinduism supported the Aryan Leaders & enforced the Caste System

32. Hinduism – Aryan Religion Vedas – Sacred Texts of Hinduism Brahmins – Priests of Hinduism Caste System – Social Classes Reincarnation - To be re-born Karma – The build-up of good/bad deeds

33. Let’s analyze Cities using the 5 Themes of AP World History

34. China
Yellow: 3400
Yangtze: 3900
India

37. China Dynastic Cycle – Dynasties fall, new ones take over Oracle Bone – Crack bone, burn bone, read bone, write on it Mandate of Heaven – God says you are in charge, take care of people Confucius – Philosopher Filial Piety – Respect for your Elders, Leaders, Country, etc.

38. Supported The Leaders by Teaching Obedience & Respect for all
Confucius
Supported
The Leaders
by Teaching
Obedience &
Respect
for all

39. ? Sumer Egypt Indus Valley China Contrast Geography Invasions
Compare/
Contrast
Sumer
Egypt
Indus Valley
China
Geography ?
Invasions
Government
Technology
Trade
Religion

40. Equation # 5 Mountain Rivers + Fertile Flood Plains = BIG Civilizations

41. So… Why was Geography Important in the First 3 Civilizations?

42. Could You Write It?

43. Sumer Egypt Indus Valley China
Compare
Contrast
Sumer
Egypt
Indus Valley
China
Geography
Rivers
Tigris/Euphrates
Resources
No stone/wood
Barriers
Zip (& no stone)
River
Nile
Plenty
Desert & Sea
Indus
Mountain/Sea/Desert
Yangtze & Yellow
Mountains/Sea/Desert
Invasions ?
Government
City-States
Kings
United Empire
1 Kingdom
Pharaoh is a
King & god
Centralized
Planned Cities
Nobles
Feudalism
Technology
Cuneiform
Ziggurats
Sail
Bronze
Hieroglyphics
Pyramids
Sail/Barges
Geometry
Writing
(Only ½ Deciphered)
Cities on a Grid
Plumbing/Sewage
Cast Iron
Money!!!!
Silk
Trade
Vast area to get needed Resources
Nile flows North, winds blow South
No Wheel
Monsoons enable Trade with Africa and Mesopotamia
Local
Roads & Canals
Religion
Polytheistic