1. Introduction to Camera

2. System Settings
System Frequency is 50Hz or 60Hz and is equivalent to PAL or NTSC.
Set to 50Hz.
Bit rate is the amount of data used to encode one second of video – Mbps
Set to 24Mbps
Frame rate is 50i or 25P (PF25)
Set to 25P
Fan setting – make sure its on Automatic

3. Aperture
The larger the aperture the more light reaches the sensor. Aperture is expressed as an f-stop.
Each whole f-stop halves or doubles the light.
The higher the f-stop (the smaller the aperture) the greater the depth of the field, i.e. the greater the range of objects that will appear sharp in the frame. The smaller the f-stop number, the shallower the depth of field is.

4. Aperture and DoF

5. Depth of Field Four factors affect depth of field: Aperture
Sensor size/image size/format
Distance to subject
(Focusing on a closer subject reduces DoF)
Focal length
(Shooting with a longer lens reduces DoF)

6. Sensor Size
Bigger the sensor,
shallower the depth of field.

7. Sensor Size

8. Shutter Speed
Shutter speed is the amount of time each frame is exposed for, not the number of frames per second
Shutter speed of 50 = 1/50 of a second exposure per frame
Higher shutter speeds reduce exposure time, darkening image
At higher shutter speeds individual frames appear more crisp, due to reduced motion blur. Each frame is a moment frozen in time. As a result motion appears ‘choppy’.
Motion blur occurs when the subject moves within the frame while the shutter is open. Lower shutter speeds give smoother motion. 1/40 to 1/50 is ideal.

9. Shutter Speed

10. ISO Doubling ISO doubles the sensitivity of the sensor
The higher the ISO the noisier the image
Multiples of 60 are ‘real’ ISOs with Canon
But the C100 performs very well in low light

11. Colour Temperature
Automatic white balance automatically compensates for varying colour temperatures by adjusting the brightest part of a scene so it will appear white. it then adjusts the rest of the colors based on that white balance.

12. Colour Temperature ‘Lower’ colour temperature. By adjusting for
Tungsten, blue is added to compensate
‘Correct’ colour temperature
‘Higher’ colour temp. By adjusting for
Daylight, red is added to compensate

13. Waveform Measures Luma - distribution of brightness in the image
Dark pixels are at the bottom, bright ones are at the top

15. Zebra pattern Zebra at 70-90 IRE for facial highlights
Zebra at 100 IRE for overexposure

16. Canon Log Gamma
The range of brightness variables out there in the world, and that we can perceive, is much wider than any camera can record.
Cameras can be tuned to record different parts of the range, in different ways. This is called the gamma.
The default gamma setting of a camera will give a reasonable range of brightness, colour and contrast to the image, so that the image looks good straight out of the camera.
But, this is not actually the full range of brightness the camera can record.

17. Canon Log Gamma
Most modern video cameras now offer some sort of log- gamma setting. This essentially means that you are getting much more brightness information out of the camera.
But, the resulting image looks very flat, washed out and under-saturated.
The video must therefore be graded to bring it to life.
Camera menu – CP- Cinema Locked
To help to judge exposure use view assist

23. Standard Gamma

24. Canon Log Gamma

25. Log Gamma - Graded

26. Audio channels
CH1 – Records audio to each channel separately. Audio input into CH1 is recorded to channel 1, while audio input into CH2 is recorded to channel 2.
CH1/CH2 – Audio input into CH1 is recorded to both channels. Audio input into CH2 will not be recorded.
When using one mic, use the CH1 setting but set the second channel at a slightly lower setting