1. 5/19/2018
What motivates you?

2. Motivation and Incentives
5/19/2018
Motivation and Incentives
Drive Reduction Theory - Need promotes drive leads to need to reduce drive and maintain homeostasis
Hunger?
Keywords: motivation, motivational state, drive, incentive

3. Theories- cont…
Instinct Theories- driven by biological & evolutionary needs to protect self/ procreate
- Food
- Parent protection of child

4. Incentive Motivation-goals or reinforcers in the environment+ =
EXTRINSIC MOTIVATION
Does Praise work?

5. Incentive Motivation =
Intrinsic Motivation

6. Motivational Conflicts:
5/19/2018
Motivational Conflicts:
Approach-Approach- decision must be made between two desirable outcomes

7. MC Cont…
Avoidance-Avoidance= decision must be made between two undesirable outcomes

8. Motivational Conflicts…
Approach-Avoidance=decision must be made between a goal that has both desirable & undesirable features

9. Are needs are driven by a Hierarchy? Abraham Maslow
Handouts
Fill out
Are you self actualized?
Discuss Maslow

10. 5/19/2018
ADD UP SCORES ON SURVEY- 2, 5,6,8,9,11,13.14(REVERSE)

11. HUNGER MOTIVATION: Why do we eat so darn much?

12. Physiological Factors

13. Drives as States of the Brain
5/19/2018
Drives as States of the Brain
Cerebral cortex
Portion of
limbic system
Hypothalamus
Pituitary
gland
Brainstem
The hub of many central drive systems lies in the hypothalamus

14. 5/19/2018
Hunger Drive
Lateral and ventromedial areas= central role in the hunger drive
Food converted to fat rather than energy molecules.
Hypothalamus
Stimulate the lat-get fat
Stimulate the Ven-get thin

15. 5/19/2018
Why is the rat so fat?
Stimulation to lateral area increases hunger drive
Lat- makes you fat.
Stimulation to ventromedial area decreases hunger drive
Ven –makes you thin
Keywords: ventromedial area

16. How do we feel Hungry? Fat cells Hypothalamus- “ I feel Hungry”
Secretes Ghrelin “I’m Hungry”
Hypothalamus-
“ I feel Hungry”
Secretes Ghrelin “I’m Hungry
Fat cells
Secretes Leptin
Hypothalamus-
“ I feel Hungry”
Hypothalamus-
“ I feel Hungry”
Monitors Glucose- “I’m Hungry”

17. How do we feel Full? Fat cells Hypothalamus- “ I feel Full”
Stretch receptors=” I’m Full
Hypothalamus-
“ I feel Full”
Secretes PYY or CKK=“I’m Full”
Fat cells
Secretes Leptin
Hypothalamus-
“ I feel Full”
Hypothalamus-
“ I feel Full”
Monitors Glucose- “I’m Full”

18. How come I eat when I am not Hungry? ( Psychosocial Factors)
Social-Cultural Influences
Learned Associations
Obesity in China
Smells Good Huh?

19. Psychological Factors Cultural Influences

20. The Mendoza family

24. The Lynch Family- Grosse Pointe, Michigan

26. Research on Weight Regulation and Dieting
5/19/2018
Genetics
- Fat Cells
- Metabolic Rate
- Set Point

27. Science of Obesity…
( 12 min)

28. Sex as Motivation Sexual Motivation Are male and Female sex drives different? ( Physiological & Psychological)

29. Physiology of Sex Drive

30. Male Sex Drive Testosterone maintains sex drive in adult males
5/19/2018
Male Sex Drive
Testosterone maintains sex drive in adult males
Castration decreases drive
Keywords: testosterone, medial preoptic area

31. 5/19/2018
Female Sex Drive
Estrous cycle controls drive in nonhuman mammals
removal of ovaries abolishes drive, while hormone injections restore it
Keywords: estrous cycle, ventromedial area

32. 5/19/2018
Human Female Sex Drive
Adrenal hormones like DHEA and testosterone play larger role

33. Sexual Response Cycle Excitement- genitals engorge with blood
-Clitoris swells
Penis becomes partially erect
Plateau- Excitement peaks. Increase respiration, heart rate and blood pressure
-Vaginal secretions increase
-Penis fully erect

34. Sexual Response Cycle CONT..
Orgasm-Rhythmic genital contraction
Women- Propel sperm up vagina, increases chances of conception
Resolution-gradual return to unaroused state.
Refraction in:
Men- orgasm not possible
Women- orgasm is possible if stimulated

35. Psychology of Sex Drive

36. Psychology of Sex Drive
Are men & women aroused by external stimuli?
Can stimuli have a negative impact?
Habituation to repeated stimuli

37. Arousal & Decision Making
Impact of arousal on decision making
( Dan Ariely)
( Bikinis & reward)

38. Behavioral & Cognitive Differences
What % think about sex daily?
Are able to achieve orgasm during intercourse?
What accounts for these differences?

39. Adolescent Sexuality How does culture influence sexual behavior?
United States
Europe
China
Why do teens get pregnant?
-ignorance, guilt related to sex, no communication, drinking, media

40. Biology of Sexual Orientation
What percent of men/ women are gay?
How persistent is homosexual orientation?
-Men? Women?
Are gay people prone to psychological illness?

41. Is sexual orientation biologically based?
Brain differences?
- Swab studies on transsexuals
The sexually dimorphic nucleus alike in female & gay males/male transsexuals
Twin Studies ( Identical & Fraternal)
Fruit Fly Study ( Odenwald, 2005)
Female hormones in 2-5 months ( in utero) predisposes male attraction

42. The Psychology of Human Sexual Orientation
5/19/2018
The Psychology of Human Sexual Orientation
No consistent relationship between orientation and childhood experiences (e.g., parenting, abuse, sexual experience)
Environmental effects on a homosexual
( genetically altered ) fly
Childhood Play Patterns
Keywords: sexual orientation