1. Models of memory
Matt Jarvis
Hodder & Stoughton © 2017

2. Defining memory Memory of what we are currently thinking about
Memory of how to do things
Memory for finding our way around
We have many types of memory
Memory for facts
Memory of events
Hodder & Stoughton © 2017

3. The multistore model Developed by Atkinson and Shiffrin in the 1960s
The main idea is that we can think of memory as a series of stores
Each store has different characteristics
Hodder & Stoughton © 2017

4. Evaluation of the multistore model
For
There are case studies of brain-damaged patients who have either severely impaired short-term memory and almost normal long-term memory or vice versa
There are experiments showing that information appears to move from a store in which it is accessible as long as attention remains on it to a permanent or at least very long-term store
Against
The idea of short-term memory appears too simple as there is evidence showing that different types of information (audio, visual, etc.) are handled separately
The idea of long-term memory also appears too simple as there is evidence to show that people can suffer damage to one or more types of long-term memory, e.g. for facts, events or skills, without impairment to the others
Hodder & Stoughton © 2017

5. A modern view of long-term memory
Three long term stores have been proposed:
Procedural memory
Memory for skills
Episodic memory
Memory for events
Semantic memory
Memory for facts
However, these do not really function separately. To remember going to the beach (episodic) you still need to know what a beach is (semantic).
Hodder & Stoughton © 2017

6. A modern view of short-term memory
Working memory has replaced the old idea of short-term memory. It differs in having several stores
Hodder & Stoughton © 2017

7. Conclusions
The multistore model set the future of memory research by establishing the principle of separate stores
The modern view of long-term memory sees separate systems for semantic, episodic and procedural memory
The modern view of short-term memory sees separate systems for processing different types of information
Current research suggests that our understanding of short- and long-term memory are too simple
Hodder & Stoughton © 2017