1. Petrochemical Technology (TKK-2130)
16/17 Spring Semester
Petrochemical Technology (TKK-2130)
Instructor: Rama Oktavian
Office Hr.: M.10-15, Tu , W , Th , F

2. Styrene monomer

3. Styrene monomer Its structure is:
Styrene monomer is an industrial chemical derived from petroleum or natural gas by-products and which, under normal conditions, is a clear, colourless liquid
Chemically its IUPAC name is PHENYL ETHENE
Its structure is:

4. Styrene monomer The key styrene derivatives include:
Styrene monomer is typically converted or ‘polymerised’ into pellets which can be heated, fused and moulded into plastic components.
polystyrene (PS)
expandable polystyrene (EPS)
acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS)
styrene butadiene rubber (SBR)
unsaturated polyester resins
styrene butadiene latices

5. Styrene monomer

6. Styrene monomer Major styrene producers and their capacity in 2013

7. Styrene monomer Styrene monomer producer in Indonesia

8. Dehydrogenation of ethyl benzene.
Styrene monomer
Styrene monomer production process
Dehydrogenation of ethyl benzene.
Co-product with
propylene oxide
(Account for 90% of production)

9. Styrene monomer
Reaction

10. Styrene monomer
Reaction
The dehydrogenation of Ethyl benzene is an ENDOTHERMIC reaction (ΔH=129.4kJ/mol).
The catalyst used is Potassium promoted iron oxide for higher
Selectivity and activity
At room temperature equilibrium is shifted toward the reactant side, It can be shifted toward the product side by increasing temperature to 600° C with excess of steam ;with steam EB ratio of 5:1 to 12:1.
The pressure condition is kept around 0.1 bar.
The conversion of 50 to 60% is obtained in technical reactor.
The typical byproducts of the EB dehydrogenation are (~1%) benzene and (~2%) toluene formed by catalytic dealkylation and hydrodealkylation of EB

11. Styrene monomer
Dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene

12. Styrene monomer
Dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene

13. Styrene monomer Styrene from toluene
toluene can be reacted with methanol to produce styrene using a zeolite catalyst.

14. Polystyrene Styrene production Badger-Total Styrene Process:

15. Polystyrene Styrene production Lummus/UOP Process:

16. Polystyrene

17. Polystyrene
Polystyrene is a plastic polymer made from the monomer styrene.
Structurally, it is a long hydrocarbon chain, with a phenyl group attached to every other carbon atom.
Polystyrene is produced by free radical vinyl polymerization, from the monomer styrene

18. Polystyrene
Polystyrene properties

19. Polystyrene Polystyrene supply chain
Bill Kuhlke, Tom Walsh, World Plastic Market Review

20. Polystyrene
Polystyrene supply chain

21. Polystyrene Polystyrene production process

22. Polyurethane

23. Polyurethane
a unique material that offers elasticity of rubber combined with the toughness and durability of metal. polymers which contain urethane groups
(-NH-CO-O-)
Characteristic of Polyurethane:
Friction Resistant 
Impact Resistant
Chemical Resistance & Corrosion Resistant

24. Polyurethane Application

25. Polyurethane
Application

26. Polyurethane Global demand and supply
The demand for polyurethane dispersions in 2012 was kilo tons and is forecast to reach kilo tons by the end of 2018, growing at a CAGR of 5.5% between 2012 and 2018. 

27. Polyurethane Global demand and supply

28. Polyurethane Global demand and supply

29. Polyurethane Polyurethane industry

30. Polyurethane Polyurethane industry

31. Polyurethane Polyurethane producer

32. Polyurethane Polyurethane synthesis

33. Polyurethane Polyurethane synthesis
The basic reaction between a diisocyanate and a polyol produces a polyurethane
Catalysts:
Amine compounds. Tertiary amines such as triethylene diamine and dimethyl ethanolamine. Organometallic compounds. Based primarily on mercury, lead, tin, bismuth, and zinc.

34. Terepthalic acid
What is it?

35. Terepthalic acid Application Purified terepthalic acid (PTA)
Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) or polyester

36. Terepthalic acid Application

37. Terepthalic acid Process technology

38. Terepthalic acid
Process technology

39. Terepthalic acid
Process technology

40. Terepthalic acid PTA plant Indonesia PT. Indorama

41. Terepthalic acid PTA plant Indonesia PT. Amoco Mitsui PTA Indonesia

42. Terepthalic acid PTA and PET demand

43. Terepthalic acid PET Business

44. Thank You !