1. Today's Objective: How are infiltration and runoff related?
Do Now:
In the water droplets on your notes packet define Infiltration and Runoff.
**Make sure you grab your Plicker Cards**

2. the seeping of water into the soil to become groundwater
What is Infiltration ?
the seeping of water into the soil to become groundwater
What is the opposite of infiltration?
Runoff - the moving of liquid water on the surface of Earth

3. Gradient (Slope) As gradient decreases infiltration increases.
Factors that Affect Groundwater:
Gradient (Slope)
As gradient decreases infiltration increases.
Gentle Gradient
More infiltration
Steep Gradient
More runoff

4. As particle size increase the rate of infiltration increases.
Soil Composition
As particle size increase the rate of infiltration increases.
Large Particles
Small Particles
More infiltration
More runoff

5. Soil Composition
As particles go from unsorted to sorted the rate of infiltration increases.
Unsorted Sizes
(Mixed)
Sorted Size
(Uniform size)
More infiltration
More runoff

6. Increased precipitation leads to increased runoff.
Rate of Precipitation
Increased precipitation leads to increased runoff.
(puddles)
More Rain
Less Rain
More Infiltration
More Runoff

7. As plant life increases runoff decreases.
Amount of Vegetation
As plant life increases runoff decreases.
Very Few Plants
Lots of plants
Little runoff
A lot of runoff
** Plants take in water**

8. Porosity Low Porosity – the amount of open space in a rock
High Porosity
Mixed sediments of various sizes and shapes usually have a lower porosity.
Well sorted / uniform sized sediments usually have a higher porosity.

9. Porosity Varies with… Amount of Cement Sorting
The more cement between the particles the less pore space.
Well sorted soils have more pore space than unsorted soils.
Fracturing
Bedrock with more fractures or cracks has more pores than bedrock without many cracks.

10. **Porosity IS NOT affected by particle size.**
48%
Porosity
48%
Porosity
48%
Porosity
Each container has an equal volume of sediment and equal pore space.

11. Permeability – The ability of water to flow through a soil.
Permeability depends on soil composition
(size and sorting)
Large
Particles
Small
Particles
Sorted
Particles
Unsorted
Particles

12. The smaller the pores the longer it takes to permeates.
Fine
Coarse

13. porosity and permeability. **
**The amount, availability, and movement of groundwater depends largely on
porosity and permeability. **

14. The ability of water to rise in small openings.
Capillarity –
The ability of water to rise in small openings.
ex. Water being pulled into a paper towel
-wet to this height
-water
-container

15. Take out your Plicker Cards