1. Chapter 3- The 1920’s NM Grows
Artists, Authors, Lungers and Dudes

2. Arts in Taos, NM
Bert Geer Philips and Ernest Blumenshein- painters that settled permanently in Taos because of the great scenery.
They ended up there by chance when their wagon broke down
They spread the word and by 1915 the Taos Society of Artists was born.
This was created by 6 people, including Blumenshein and Phillips.
They became a traveling art show
Only one Female joined the society (Catherine Carter Critcher)

3. Mabletown Mable Dodge Stern and Tony Lujan- Married in 1923.
Tony was a native of Taos Pueblo
Mable was a tourist that fell in love with Northern NM
Los Gallos- The art house created by the Lujans to help preserve native culture through the arts.
Ansel Adams and Georgia O’Keeffe- two of the most famous artists to stay at Los Gallos
SEE pg 70. “First Memories of Taos”

4. Mabletown Cont…..
Georgia O’Keeffe- Was influenced by the Lujans and eventually became a permanent resident of Abiquiu.
Known for her landscape paintings, adobe gates, and animal skull art
DH Lawrence- The most famous author to settle in Los Gallos
He was an Englishman best known for his novel, Lady Chatterley’s Lover
Mable Dodge Lujan- Became known as the leader of Taos, which is why it was called Mable Town
Some artists felt smothered by Lujan

5. The Santa Fe Art Colony Shares a similar History with Taos
Carlos Vierra, William Penhallow and Gerald Cassidy- Famous pre-WWI artists in Santa Fe
Santa Fe- Served as a major Tourist destination in the United States
Unique culture and architecture, art culture is rich
The Second Art Colony of NM

6. Santa Fe Art Colony Cont…
Los Cinco Pintores (The 5 Painters)
Will Shuster
Fremont Ellis
Willard Nash
JG Bakos
W.E. Murch
“5 little nuts in 5 adobe huts”
Indian Market- opened in 1922
Spanish Market- opened in 1926
Both still open today….

7. Pueblo Revival A Major Architecture Revival Movement
John Gaw Meem- Was the major leader of this movement
*Still cannot make a building in Santa Fe that is not Pueblo Style w/o paying a fine.

8. Health Seekers- Why “Chase the Cure” in NM?
Tuberculosis- A common early 1900s lung disease. Also known as TB, the white plague or consumption.
“Lungers”- Nickname. People that came to NM to improve their health and overall quality of life
Sanatoriums- Treatment centers for people that suffered from TB.
Why Seek the Cure in NM?- Climate, Cost of living, and sanatoriums

9. Sanatoriums
St. Vincent's in Santa Fe and Presbyterian in ABQ-originally founded as Sanatoriums.
Sanatoriums exist in other states, but NM’s low cost of living made it possible for less wealthy families
Patients lived in Sanatoriums
Those that could not afford it set up tents or lived in wagons.
10% of NM’s population suffered from TB in the early 1900’s

11. “Sans” Continued Many “lungers” were treated poorly
People feared the spread of disease (airborne highly contagious disease)
By 1929, number 1 cause of death in NM (13% of all deaths)
Famous NM Lungers
Katherine Stinson-Otero
Will Shuster (Artist)
Carlos Vierra (Artist)
Carrie Tingley
William Lovelace
Katherine Stinson Otero

12. Tourism Transportation 1880 Santa Fe Railroad extends into NM
By 1920, highways began to come into NM (La Bajada-Dangerous Highway btw. ABQ and SF)
Automobile use increased in NM
RL Dodson- Purchased first New Mexican car in CO, and eventually trained himself to be NM’s most trusted mechanic
Henry Ford’s Assembly line, made the price of the car go down (by 1928 over 67,000 automobiles in NM)

13. Ford Model T
La Bajada Hill

14. Tourism Cont…. Route 66- 1927 (Chicago to LA)
The original I-40 (East border to West border)
Originally skipped Moriarty up to Santa Fe, Changed to go through the Tijeras Canyon into ABQ and eventually to Gallup.
Central Ave. in ABQ (pg 89)
Burma Shaving Cream- Original Billboards in NM. Advertised by using jingles

18. Tourism Cont….
Dude Ranches- Created to encourage Easterners to have the Western experience.
Tom Mix- Helped to promote these (26 total tourist attractions in NM)
Very Expensive ($125 a week, $1,500 a week in today’s money)
Santa Fe Fiesta (Zozbra)- Created in 1919 to celebrate the Spanish reconquest of Santa Fe following Pope’s Pueblo Revolt
Will Shuster created the first burning of Zozobra (see pg 96).
Symbolizes the burning away all your worries/Troubles

20. Tourism Carlsbad Caverns (SE NM)
Founded by Jim White (one of the first explorers of the caverns that eventually led tours when it became a worldwide attraction)
More than .5 million people visited the caverns in 1996 alone
Health Seeker Questions with a Partner
Dude Ranch Posters

21. Carlsbad Caverns