1. “SPEECH IS POWER: Speech is to persuade, to convert, to compel
“SPEECH IS POWER: Speech is to persuade, to convert, to compel.” -Ralph Waldo Emerson
ENGLISH 3

2. SPEECH – A nonfiction work that is delivered orally to an audience.
TYPES OF SPEECH –
Sermon – “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God”
Political Speech – Speech that focuses on an issue relating to government or politics. “Speech in the Virginia Convention”
Address – Formal speech that is prepared for a special occasion. “The Gettysburg Address”

3. PERSUASIVE TECHNIQUES
Logos – Logical Appeal: builds a well-reasoned argument based on evidence (facts, statistics, expert testimony)
Ethos – Ethical Appeal: Linked to the audience’s perception of the trustworthiness and credibility of the speaker/writer
Pathos- Emotional Appeal: Attempts to arouse the audience’s feelings, often by using loaded words that convey strong connotations

4. Rhetoric: The art of writing & speaking effectively
RHETORICAL TRIANGLE
Logos
PURPOSE
What idea does the author want the audience to believe?
SPEAKER
What relationship does the author have with audience and the idea? How does the author get the audience to agree with the idea?
AUDIENCE
Whom is the author targeting with this message/idea? How can the speaker get into the mindset of the audience in order to convince the members?
Ethos
Pathos

5. Our Barbies, Ourselves Read silently
Identify the most important sentence in the essay
Identify the most important phrase in the essay
Identify the most important word in the essay

6. Our Barbies, Ourselves In groups of 3 or 4, share your findings
Each group, come to a consensus on one sentence, phrase & word
Write your group’s sentence, phrase & word on board.

7. Rhetorical Devices: Patterns of words & ideas that create emphasis and stir the audience’s emotions.
Repetition
Restatement
Parallelism: Repeating a grammatical structure
Antithesis: Using strongly contrasting words, images or ideas
Rhetorical Questions: Asking questions for effect, not for response

8. What is worth dying for?

9. Background “Speech in the Virginia Convention” pgs. 100-103
Patrick Henry’s speech played a key role in turning colonial sentiment toward armed rebellion.
He begins with a respectful rebuttal to previous speeches, then defends his call for independence.
He argues that discussions are useless and the British are preparing for war.
Page 100 – How has the artist created a dramatic atmosphere in the painting?

10. Rhetorical Triangle
While listening/reading to Patrick Henry’s “Speech in the Virginia Convention,” complete a Rhetorical Triangle.
Logos - What idea does Patrick Henry want the audience to believe?
Ethos - What relationship does P. Henry have with audience and the idea? How does he get the audience to agree with the idea?
Pathos - Whom is P. Henry targeting with this message/idea? How can he get into the mindset of the audience in order to convince them?

11. Latin Roots & Affixes Prefix uni- means one
Root -anima- means being; soul; mind
Combine to form unanimity (from unanimus – “of one mind”)
What other words do you know of that contain this prefix or root?

12. Background
Benjamin Franklin was a tireless advocate for American unity and cooperation.
In 1776, he served as US ambassador to France to gain support during the American Revolution.
In 1787, he is the oldest delegate in the Constitutional Convention and sometimes fell asleep. In fact, he was too tired to read his speeches so he would have someone else read them.
We are covering his final speech – a masterpiece of persuasion

13. “Speech in the Convention” by Benjamin Franklin pgs. 104-107
Painting page 106
Do you recognize anyone in the painting?
All the men in the painting are framers of the Constitution
What are the dominant elements of the painting?
What is the artist’s purpose in this painting?

14. Compare & Contrast
What do Henry & Franklin want their audiences to think and do?
Henry & Franklin are master politicians who knew that success sometimes requires compromise.
Examine their views about when to compromise and when to stand firm.

15. Thomas Jefferson Author of Declaration of Independence
American minister to France
1st Secretary of State
2nd Vice President
3rd President of the United States (1801)
Doubled the size of the US through the Louisiana Purchase
Helped establish public school system
Created the decimal system for American $$

16. Declaration of Independence Pgs. 112 - 115
Imagine that you are soldiers dressed in ragged clothes. It’s winter. Snow and ice surround you. A few of you have light jackets; some are barefoot. All are hungry, huddled in tents without floors. Badly defeated in the last battle, all you can think of is home. What spoken words could keep desperate soldiers such as yourselves fighting for independence? Write your answer in first person, as a soldier in the Revolutionary War.

17. Persuasion
Pg. 113 How does the statement that one does not change a government for “light” causes support Jefferson’s purpose? What does the statement about submitting facts to a “candid world” suggest about the intended audience? Pg. 115 What types of appeals does Jefferson make in the next to last paragraph? What phrases demonstrate them?