1. CHAPTER 7. TELECOMMUNICATIONS
NETWORKS & THE NEW INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

2. LEARNING OBJECTIVES DESCRIBE COMPONENTS OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM
CALCULATE CAPACITY OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS CHANNELS & EVALUATE TRANSMISSION MEDIA
COMPARE TYPES OF NETWORKS & NETWORK SERVICES *

3. LEARNING OBJECTIVES DESCRIBE INFRASTRUCTURE, CONNECTIVITY STANDARDS
IDENTIFY APPLICATIONS FOR SUPPORTING ELECTRONIC COMMERCE, BUSINESS
ANALYZE MANAGEMENT PROBLEMS OF NETWORKING *

4. MANAGEMENT CHALLENGES
TELECOMMUNICATIONS REVOLUTION
COMPONENTS, FUNCTIONS OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM
COMMUNICATIONS NETWORKS
NETWORK INFRASTUCTURE
MANAGEMENT ISSUES, DECISIONS *

5. COMMUNICATING INFORMATION
TELECOMMUNICATIONS
COMMUNICATING INFORMATION
VIA ELECTRONIC MEANS
OVER SOME DISTANCE *

6. INFORMATION SUPERHIGHWAY
NATIONAL / WORLDWIDE
HIGH SPEED
DIGITAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS
ACCESSIBLE BY GENERAL PUBLIC *

7. SYSTEM COMPONENTS COMPUTERS TERMINALS (Input / output devices)
COMMUNICATIONS CHANNELS
PROCESSORS (Modems; multiplexers; front-end processors)
COMMUNICATIONS SOFTWARE *

8. TO GOVERN TRANSMISSION
PROTOCOL
RULES & PROCEDURES
TO GOVERN TRANSMISSION
BETWEEN COMPONENTS
IN A NETWORK *

9. ANALOG SIGNAL CONTINUOUS WAVEFORM PASSES THRU SYSTEM
VOICE COMMUNICATIONS *

10. DIGITAL SIGNAL DISCRETE WAVEFORM TWO DISCRETE STATES:
1-BIT & 0-BIT
ON / OFF PULSE
DATA COMMUNICATION
USES MODEM TO TRANSLATE ANALOG TO DIGITAL, DIGITAL TO ANALOG *

11. COMMUNICATION CHANNELS
MEANS BY WHICH DATA ARE TRANSMITTED:
TWISTED WIRES (Copper Wires)
COAXIAL CABLE: (Insulated Copper Wires)
FIBER-OPTIC CABLE
MICROWAVE *

12. FIBER OPTICS SUPER CLEAR GLASS STRANDS FAST, LIGHT, DURABLE
BILLIONS OF BITS PER SECOND, FULL DUPLEX
EXPENSIVE, HARDER TO INSTALL
OFTEN USED AS BACKBONE OF NETWORKS *
SIGNAL
LASER
CABLE
PHOTO
DETECTOR

13. MICROWAVE TRANSMISSION
ORBITING SATELLITES
MICROWAVE TRANSMISSION
UPLINK
DOWNLINK

14. WIRELESS TRANSMISSION TECHNOLOGIES
PAGING SYSTEM: Small pager beeps when receives short message
CELLULAR TELEPHONE: Device uses radio waves to reach antennas within areas called cells
MOBILE DATA NETWORKS: Radio - based data network using hand-held computers; cheap, efficient *

15. WIRELESS TRANSMISSION TECHNOLOGIES
PERSONAL COMMUNICATION SERVICE: Cellular; lower power; higher frequency. Smaller phones not shielded by buildings, tunnels
PERSONAL DIGITAL ASSISTANT: Pen sized, hand-held, digital communicator
SMART PHONE: Wireless, voice, text, Internet *

16. COMMUNICATIONS CHANNELS
TRANSMISSION SPEED: Bits per Second (BPS) or Baud
BANDWIDTH: Capacity of Channel; Difference between Highest & Lowest Frequencies *

17. SPEEDS & COST OF MEDIA MEDIUM SPEED COST TWISTED WIRE
300 BPS - 10 MBPS
LOW
MICROWAVE
256 KBPS MBPS
SATELLITE
COAXIAL CABLE
56 KBPS MBPS
FIBER OPTICS
500 KBPS - 10 GBPS
HIGH
BPS: BITS PER SECOND
KBPS: KILOBITS PER SECOND
MBPS: MEGABITS PER SECOND
GBPS: GIGABITS PER SECOND

18. COMMUNICATIONS PROCESSORS
FRONT- END PROCESSOR: minicomputer manages communication for host computer
CONCENTRATOR: computer collects messages for batch transmission to host computer
CONTROLLER: computer controls interface between CPU and peripheral devices
MULTIPLEXER: allows channel to carry multiple sources simultaneously *

19. NETWORK TOPOLOGIES
HOST
USER
STAR

20. NETWORK TOPOLOGIES
USER
BUS

21. NETWORK TOPOLOGIES
USER
RING

22. LOCAL NETWORKS
PRIVATE BRANCH EXCHANGE (PBX): firm’s central switching system
LOCAL AREA NETWORK (LAN): dedicated channels; limited distance (less than 2000 foot radius); higher capacity than PBX. Can share expensive hardware & software *

23. LOCAL AREA NETWORK (LAN)
GATEWAY: Connection to other networks
ROUTER: Forwards data to other networks
NETWORK OPERATING SYSTEM (NOS): Manages file server; routes communications on network
PEER - TO - PEER: In some small networks all computers have equal power *

24. WIDE - AREA NETWORK (WAN)
Network spans large geographic distances. Can include cable, satellite, microwave
SWITCHED LINES: Route determined by current traffic
DEDICATED LINES: Constantly available for high-volume traffic *

25. VALUE-ADDED NETWORK (VAN)
PRIVATE; MULTIPATH; DATA ONLY
3rd PARTY MANAGED
USED BY SEVERAL ORGANIZATIONS
SUBSCRIPTION BASIS *

26. NETWORK SERVICES PACKET SWITCHING FRAME RELAY
ASYNCHRONOUS TRANSFER MODE (ATM)
INTEGRATED SERVICES DIGITAL NETWORK (ISDN)
DIGITAL SUBSCRIBER LINE
CABLE MODEM
T1 LINE *

27. PACKET SWITCHING (X.25): FORM OF Value Added Network
BREAKS DATA BLOCKS INTO SMALL PACKETS (e.g.: 128 Bytes)
PACKETS ROUTED BY MOST ECONOMICAL MEANS
REASSEMBLED AT DESTINATION *

28. ASYNCHRONOUS TRANSFER MODE (ATM):
CELL: 53 Groups of 8 Bytes Each
USES FIBER OPTICS CABLE
INDEPENDENT OF VENDOR HARDWARE SPEEDS
CAN TIE LAN TO WAN *

29. INTEGRATED SERVICES DIGITAL NETWORK (ISDN):
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD FOR TRANSMITTING VOICE, VIDEO, DATA
OVER PUBLIC TELEPHONE LINES *

30. OTHER SERVICES:
DIGITAL SUBSCRIBER LINE (DSL): enhancing capacity over copper telephone lines
CABLE MODEM: modem for cable TV for high-speed access to Internet
T1 LINE: dedicated telephone connection, megabits per second *

31. OTHER SERVICES: BROADBAND: High-speed transmission, multiple channels
CONVERGING NETWORK: Enables simultaneous transmission of voice, data *

32. ENTERPRISE NETWORK
HARDWARE; SOFTWARE; TELECOMMUNICATIONS, DATA RESOURCES
MORE COMPUTING POWER ON THE DESKTOP
NETWORK LINKING SMALLER NETWORKS *

33. INTO INTERCONNECTED NETWORK
INTERNETWORKING
LINK NETWORKS
EACH RETAINS IDENTITY
INTO INTERCONNECTED NETWORK *
NETWORK A
NETWORK B
NETWORK C

34. CONNECTIVITY
MEASURE OF ABILITY OF COMPUTING DEVICES TO PASS & SHARE INFORMATION WITHOUT HUMAN INTERVENTION
OPEN SYSTEMS: Software able to function on different computer platforms. Nonproprietary operating systems, applications, protocols *

35. TRANSMISSION CONTROL PROTOCOL / INTERNET PROTOCOL (TCP / IP)
REFERENCE MODEL DEVELOPED BY DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE IN 1972
1. APPLICATION: Provides screen presentations
2. TRANSMISSION CONTROL PROTOCOL (TCP): Breaks data into datagrams
3. INTERNET PROTOCOL (IP): Breaks, sends datagrams as smaller IP packets; can repeat transmission to increase reliability *

36. TRANSMISSION CONTROL PROTOCOL / INTERNET PROTOCOL (TCP / IP)
4. NETWORK INTERFACE: Handles addressing and interface between computer & network
5. PHYSICAL NET: Defines electrical transmission characteristics for sending signal along networks to destination *

37. OPEN SYSTEM INTERCONNECT (OSI)
INTERNATIONAL REFERENCE MODEL
FOR LINKING DIFFERENT TYPES OF
COMPUTERS & NETWORKS *

38. E-COMMERCE & E-BUSINESS TECHNOLOGIES
ELECTRONIC MAIL ( )
VOICE MAIL
FACSIMILE MACHINES (fax)
TELECONFERENCING
DATACONFERENCING
VIDEOCONFERENCING
GROUPWARE *

39. ELECTRONIC DATA INTERCHANGE (EDI)
COMPUTER - TO - COMPUTER
EXCHANGE BETWEEN TWO ORGANIZATIONS
OF STANDARD BUSINESS TRANSACTION DOCUMENTS *
COMPUTER
SELLER
CUSTOMER
ORDERS, PAYMENTS
SHIPPING NOTICES, PRICE
UPDATES, INVOICES

40. PROBLEMS POSED BY ENTERPRISE NETWORKING
CONNECTIVITY
LOSS OF MANAGEMENT CONTROL
ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE REQUIREMENTS
HIDDEN COSTS OF CLIENT/SERVER COMPUTING
RELIABILITY & SECURITY *

41. HIDDEN COSTS OF CLIENT / SERVER SYSTEMS
OPERATIONS & SUPPORT
APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT
HARDWARE, SOFTWARE, INSTALLATION, MAINTENANCE
EDUCATION & TRAINING *

42. TELECOMMUNICATIONS PLAN:
KNOW LONG-RANGE PLANS
AUDIT EXISTING CAPABILITIES
IDENTIFY, PRIORITIZE CRITICAL IMPROVEMENTS
ENHANCE FIRM’S STRATEGIC POSITION
IMPLEMENT PLAN *

43. IMPLEMENTATION FACTORS
DISTANCE
RANGE OF SERVICES
SECURITY
MULTIPLE ACCESS
UTILIZATION
COST
INSTALLATION
CONNECTIVITY *

44. Connect to the INTERNET
Laudon/Laudon Web site:
Additional Internet Resources related to this chapter:
© 2001 Laudon & Laudon, Essentials of Management Information Systems 4/e

45. CHAPTER 7. TELECOMMUNICATIONS
NETWORKS & THE NEW INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY