1. Good Morning! NVC/Congo Essay/Permission Slip reminder
Resisting Imperialism: Ethiopia
Essential Questions: How was Ethiopia able to defeat Italy at the Battle of Adwa?
Homework: Submit permission slip to participate in Stanford study

2. Battle of Adwa (1896)

3. Battle of Adwa
Read over Document B. Are the reasons it gives for the Ethiopian victory at Adwa similar to or different from the reasons in Document A?

4. Textbook Comparison Document A Document B United States textbook
United States of America textbook
Menelik II emperor of Ethiopia is most responsible for the victory
Plays western countries against each other to stall for time
Buys modern weapons from Russia and France
Modernized army helps them win the battle
United States textbook
Matching European firepower
Menelik modernizes the Ethiopian military
Larger army for the Ethiopians
Modernization still the decisive factor

5. Textbook Comparison American Textbooks Ethiopian Textbook
Modernized army and technology, and superior army allows Ethiopians to win
American viewpoint that technology is supreme?
America is unbiased, neutral, and telling the truth
America is biased towards European imperialism and is making excuses
Ethiopians had courage
Ethiopians were poorly armed and poorly trained, but had full support of their people
“the power of friendship”  worse in every way, but had full support of the people
Ethiopian women helped supply water and arms, and provided healing and encouragement

6. Conclusion
Why do you think the textbooks all say different things? Why can’t they agree on why the Ethiopians won the battle of Adwa?
Do you think one is more reliable than the others?