1. Climate change and the deep deep ocean: Links, effects and feedback.
Richard Lampitt
National Oceanography Centre
Southampton UK

3. The Twilight Zone

4. Downward particulate flux as a function of depth

5. Epipelagic
Mesopelagic
Bathypelagic
Benthopelagic
Benthos

6. Surface ocean changes likely to affect the deep ocean:
Enhanced stratification
Increased SST
Decreased thermohaline circulation
Decreased pH
Decreased dust supply

7. Change in export flux (100m) at twice current PCO2
Bopp et al 2001

8. Change in diatom relative abundance in response to 4 times increase in CO2.
Bopp et al 2005

9. Behrenfeld et al 2006

10. Sarmiento et al 2004

11. Sarmiento et al 2004

12. Surface ocean changes likely to affect the deep ocean:
Enhanced stratification
Increased SST
Decreased thermohaline circulation
Decreased pH
Decreased dust supply

13. Moore et al 2006

14. Moore et al 2006

15. At high latitudes diatoms with high seasonality encourage high export efficiency and low transfer efficiency
At low latitudes calcifiers with low seasonality generate conditions of low export efficiency and high transfer efficiency.
Francois et al 2002

16. Sarmiento et al 2004

18. Change in diatom relative abundance in response to 4 times increase in CO2.
Bopp et al 2005

19. Downward particulate flux as a function of depth

21. Scholten et al 2002

22. “Swimmers” from a drifting sediment trap.

23. The NBST

24. PELAGRA on board RV Knorr May 2008

25. A shoal of PELAGRA traps
(May 2008 on board RV Knorr)

26. PELAGRA depth profiles (6 hour time marks)

27. 7-11th May
14th May
17th May

28. Relevant features of flux:
Annual supply of POC
Seasonal variability in supply
Interannual variability
Quality of organics
Sinking rate of particles
Regional variation
Match-Mismatch

29. Mesozooplankton: A copepod

31. MAP
PAP

32. Ruhl et al

33. Billett et al (in review)
Long-term change in invertebrate megafauna at PAP
Billett et al (in review)

34. Polychaete main families
Soto et al (in review)

35. Gooday et al (in review)
Abundance of ‘live’ (stained) Foraminifera
Abundance :
significant increase over time p <0.001
B) Abundance by month:
no significant differences between months
Gooday et al (in review)

36. Change in dominance of Foraminifera Epistominella exigua to Alabaminella weddellensis
Sampling date
Gooday et al (in review)

37. Abundance -Trochamminacea
1st
5th
Sampling date
Gooday et al (in review)

38. Phytoplankton pigments found in the ovaries of holothurians from 4800m
Variability in the concentration of carotenoid pigments in the ovaries of abyssal holothurians sampled in March Mean
pigment concentration (μg gDW1 ± 95% confidence) for three identified pigments. Key:
AMP, Amperima rosea;
ONPH, Oneirophanta mutabilis;
PSY, Psychropotes longicauda;
PSS/V, Pseudostichopus villosus;
PAR, Paroriza prouhoi.
some, but not all, species pairs (Table 5). Both A. rosea and O. mutabilis showed significant
Phytoplankton pigments found in the ovaries of holothurians from 4800m
Wigham et al 2003

39. Lampitt et al GBC (in review)

41. ENSO
Henry Ruhl

42. ENSO
Upwelling
Henry Ruhl

43. ENSO
Upwelling
Primary Production
Henry Ruhl

44. ENSO
Upwelling
Primary Production
Export flux
Henry Ruhl

45. ENSO
Upwelling
Primary Production
Export flux
Flux to seabed
Henry Ruhl

46. ENSO
Upwelling
Primary Production
Export flux
Flux to seabed
Aggregate to seabed
Henry Ruhl

48. Henry Ruhl

49. Complexity but not impossibility
Developments in models, observational techniques, experiments etc

50. Models:
Better parameterisation
Novel models eg Finite element
Observational techniques:
Drifting sediment traps
Instrumented buoys
Eulerian observatory network
Satellite remote sensing
Experimentation:
Open ocean eg Iron fertilisation
Mesocosm
Laboratory

51. A shoal of PELAGRA traps
(May 2008 on board RV Knorr)

52. OceanSITES fixed point observatories

53. EuroSITES An FP7 integrated European network
of deep ocean multidisciplinary
observatories
Coordinated by:
NOC
Richard Lampitt
Assistant coordinator: Dr Kate Larkin
Started April 1st 2008 for 3 years
We would like to give you an overview of the EuroSITES Project, a Framework 7 European Collaborative Project of just under 3.5 Million Euros that aims to create an integrated European network of deep ocean multidisciplinary observatories. NOC will receive approximately 1 Million Euros of this budget. This money will be used to coordinate EuroSITES along with leading the Data Management and many of the Science Tasks ranging from benthic biology and physical oceanography to geophysics. Listed here are the named contributors from NOC which span across departments from OBE to GandG and Data Management. However there is scope for many of you to become involved in observational science at the many sites across Europe and we hope this talk gives you a flavour of how you might be involved and what data will be produced and accessible from the EuroSITES locations.

54. Relevant features of flux:
Annual supply of POC
Seasonal variability in supply
Interannual variability
Quality of organics
Sinking rate of particles
Regional variation
Match-Mismatch

55. The End