1. Living in the Stone Age

2. Examining History: Prehistory
PRE-HISTORY- period before written history
Approximately 1.75 million years ago, earliest people first began using small pieces of rock as tools
Massive development of humans over years in 4 major groups: 1) Homo Habilis (2 million years ago) 2) Homo Erectus (1 million years ago) 3) Neanderthal ( years ago) 4) Cro-Magnon ( years ago)

3. Development of Humans Homo Habilis Latin for “handy man”
Lived in eastern Africa > spread north to Asia
fossilized human bones found with stone tools and animal fossils
Built shelters of braches and collected bird eggs and wild berries for food; hunted wild pigs
Tools / weapons = rocks, braches, sharp stones
Did not know how to use fire
Homo Habilis
Latin for “handy man”
Discoveries in 1930s by Louis and Mary Leakey
Lived in eastern Africa > spread north to Asia
fossilized human bones found with stone tools and animal fossils
Skulls – humans had a flatter head with a brain only 2/3 size; approximately 1.5 m tall
Built shelters of braches and collected bird eggs and wild berries for food; hunted wild pigs
Tools / weapons = rocks, braches, sharp stones
No clothes
Did not know how to use fire

4. Homo Erectus
Latin for “upright man”
Discoveries of “Java Man” (Indonesia) and “Peking Man” (China”
Lived in Africa, south Europe, Asia
Skulls- humans had long, flat and sharply angled at back (between ape and human head)
Thighbone- identical to modern humans > walked upright
Charred animals bones found = they used fire to cook
Belief that homo erectus was a descendant of homo habilis
Made fire, first by coals or volcanic ash; later by friction. made life easier as they could survive in colder climates
Tools / weapons= bones, rocks, blades for carving, spears

5. Homo Sapiens
Latin for “reasoning man”
years ago - emergence of Homo Sapiens who evolved from homo erectus
is the species to which all modern day people belong

6. Neanderthals vs Cro Magnon
NEANDERATHAL
Neander Valley- Germany
6 cm taller than homo erectus; thick eyebrow ridge
Tools= knives, spear sharpeners made from chipped rock
Animals hides worn as clothes
Lived in caves kept warm with fire
First to bury the dead (graves with bodies carefully prepared
CRO MAGNON
South France- clearing away earth from back of a rock shelter locally known as Cro-Magnon
First appeared in Europe years ago following ice age
Brain as large as modern day human; approx. 2 metres tall with modern “faces”
Tools= slim, sharp edge blades, chisels, knives, spearheads, lamps (stone bowl with animal grease and lit fur or moss)
Animals bones and teeth used to make musical instruments, jewellery
Cave paintings
Fierce warriors
Wiped out Neanderthals

7. “Lithos” = stone Paleolithic Age Greek “paleo” means “old”
Upper Paleolithic age was – years ago
Neolithic Age
Greek “neo” means “new”
Neolithic Revolution occurred between 9000 – 4000 BCE

8. Comparing the Stone Ages
NEOLITHIC
People abandoned semi-nomadic life and began farming
Agricultural revolution, planting of crops
domesticating of animals
Better tools & weapons
PALEOLITHIC
small groups of 5-10 families
Nomadic to semi-nomadic
Closer relationships between bands of people ie. Cro-Magnon society
Paleolithic- 1) People lived in small groups of 5-10 families
2) Nomadic to semi-nomadic (hunting and gathering)
3) close relationships between bands of people ie. Cro-Magnon society NEOLITHIC
1) People abandoned semi-nomadic life and began farming

9. Weapons & Technology PALEOLITHIC
Better hunting strategies due to co-operation and more lethal weapons
Better tools for skinning game, preparing food, sewing clothes
Cro-Magnons stored food over winter showing more planning
bow and arrow around BCE
NEOLITHIC
efficient tools which helped farm and make weapons and tools
Domestication of animals to do manual work and the planting of crops freed people from the pursuit of food
leisure activities (art, music, sports, religion)
PALEOLITHIC
Better hunting strategies due to co-operation and more lethal weapons
Better tools for skinning game, preparing food, sewing clothes
Cro-Magnons stored food over winter showing more planning
Invention of the bow and arrow around BCE made hunting more easy
NEOLITHIC
More efficient tools (sickle made of flint blades and antler; axes, hoe, copper use) which helped farm and make weapons and tools
Domestication of animals to do manual work and the planting of crops freed people from the pursuit of food
New time for leisure activities (art, music, sports, religion)