1. Midterm
Review 2

2. Cellular Reproduction
Scientific Methods
Hodge Podge
Chemistry
Bio-chemistry
Cells
Cellular Reproduction
100
100
100
100
100
100
200
200
200
200
200
200
300
300
300
300
300
300
400
400
400
400
400
400
500
500
500
500
500
500

3. What is the first step in a scientific investigation?
100
What is the first step in a scientific investigation?

4. State the problem

5. 200
What is the lowest possible magnification that can be obtained using the microscope to the right?

6. 200 x (20x10)

7. 300
If researching the effects of antibiotics on the disease-causing organism, E. coli, which source would you use?
National professional journal
National television news program
A local newspaper
Weekly magazine of important events

8. A. National professional journal

9. Why is a control important in an experiment?
400
Why is a control important in an experiment?

10. Control groups allow comparison between subjects receiving a treatment and those receiving no treatment.

11. 500
People long ago believed maggots came from meat. In the late 1600’s, Redi made the hypothesis that maggots came from flies rather than meat. Which experimental design to the right could be used to test Redi’s experiment?

12. C.

13. Give two characteristics of all living things.
100
Give two characteristics of all living things.

14. Reproduce
Made of cells
Respond to environment
Homeostasis (maintain internal balance)
Grow and develop
Adapt and evolve
Use energy
Made of DNA

15. 200
Give the 10 levels of organization in order from molecular to biosphere

16. Molecular
Cellular
Tissue
Organ
Organ system
Organism
Population
Community
Ecosystem
Biosphere

17. 300
Give the definition of cellular respiration and what organelle it occurs in?

18. Changing stored chemical energy in food (sugar) into a useable form (ATP) by organisms in the mitochondria

19. 400
Give two differences and two similarities between the processes of aerobic and anaerobic respiration (think!)

20. Aerobic- with oxygen; produces 36 ATP; glycolysis, kreb’s, and ETC; cytoplasm and mitochondria
Anaerobic- no oxygen; produces 2 ATP; glycolysis only; produces alcohol or lactic acid; cytoplasm
Similarities: occurs in living cells; makes ATP energy; glycolysis; cytoplasm; begins with glucose

21. 500
Bacteria are tremendously successful unicellular organisms, yet all large organisms are multicellular. Unicellular organisms cannot grow very large because …..?

22. Diffusion of nutrients into the
cell would be too slow

23. The most abundant compound in most living things is?
100
The most abundant compound in most living things is?

24. water

25. What is the acidic range on the pH scale?
200
What is the acidic range on the pH scale?

26. 0-6.9

27. 300
In the drawing below, the white squares stand for one kind of atom, and the black squares stand for another type of atom. Which bottle is an element, a mixture, and a compound?

28. Element
Compound
Mixture

29. 400
In the ammonia diagram to the right, the bonding between the atoms is covalent or ionic and WHY?

30. Covalent because the electrons are being shared (see red circles)

31. 500
Using the partial periodic table below, give the number of electrons, protons, neutrons, atomic mass number and atomic number for aluminum (Al).

32. Neutrons (at.mass - at.number) - 14
Electrons- 13
Protons- 13
Neutrons (at.mass - at.number) - 14
Atomic mass number- 27
Atomic number- 13

33. Give three elements that are the main components of every living cell.
100
Give three elements that are the main components of every living cell.

34. Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Phosphorus
Nitrogen
Sulfur

35. Give two functions of lipids.
200
Give two functions of lipids.

36. Insulation
Energy storage
Waterproofing
Cell membrane component

37. 300
According to the table below, in this organism, what percentage of cytoplasm is composed of organic material?

38. 22% (proteins+fats+carbohydrates)

39. Why are enzymes important to living things?
400
Why are enzymes important to living things?

40. Enzymes permit reactions to occur rapidly at a biologically useful rate (speed up chemical reactions)

41. 500
Give the building blocks or monomers for carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.

42. Carbohydrates- simple sugars or monosaccharides
Lipids- glycerol and fatty acids
Proteins- amino acids
Nucleic Acids- nucleotides

43. 100
An eukaryotic organism with a nucleus, cell wall, and chloroplasts is a _______ cell.

44. Plant cell

45. Give two functions of the cell membrane.
200
Give two functions of the cell membrane.

46. Phagocytosis (bringing in food)
Recognizing foreign invaders like viruses
Controls movement of material into and out of the cell
Outside
of cell
Inside
(cytoplasm)
Cell
membrane
Proteins
Protein
channel
Lipid bilayer
Carbohydrate
chains

47. Give the three principles of the cell theory.
300
Give the three principles of the cell theory.

48. All cells arise from preexisting cells
The cell is the basic unit of life.
All organisms are made up of one or more cells.

49. 400 Give the function of each cellular organelle below:
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
Nucleus
Mitochondria
Nucleolus

50. Nucleus- control center and contains DNA
ER- transports or circulates material throughout the cell (conveyor belt)
Nucleus- control center and contains DNA
Mitochondria- energy power plant (ATP); cellular respiration
Nucleolus- makes ribosomes which make proteins

51. 500
Give the contributions of Leeuwenhoek, Hooke, Schleiden, and Schwann to the discovery of cells and the cell theory.

52. Leeuwenhoek- describes cells using a hand-held lens (animalcules)
Hooke- examines cork and sees “cells”
Schleiden- makes first statement of the cell theory about plants
Schwann- first states the cell theory as it applies to animals

53. Mature red blood cells have no nuclei so they cannot ____.
100
Mature red blood cells have no nuclei so they cannot ____.

54. Make copies of itself

55. 200
Most cells in the body of a fruit fly have eight chromosomes. In some cells, only four chromosomes are present, a condition that is a direct result of ______.

56. Meiotic cell division

57. Put the following phases of plant cell mitosis in order.
300
Put the following phases of plant cell mitosis in order.

58. C, B, A, D

59. Give two reasons why meiosis is important for organisms.
400
Give two reasons why meiosis is important for organisms.

60. Because of crossing over genetic variation occurs which aides in evolution of a population
Reduce chromosome number (half) so offspring will have the correct number of chromosomes in their body cells

61. Answer the following questions according to the diagram below.
500
Answer the following questions according to the diagram below.
Which method is asexual reproduction?
Which method is sexual reproduction?
If the original cell has 15 chromosomes and the daughter cells have 15 chromosomes also, which method demonstrates this?
Which method produces body cells for growth and repair that are genetically identical?

62. Asexual- A
Sexual- B A

63. Daily Double