1. EOC Review: Biochemistry, Enzymes, Cell, Cell Transport, and Energy
Christopherson

2. Monomer Single molecule One subunit
Example: Single bead for a necklace

3. Polymer Many molecules More than one subunit
Example: Beads making up a necklace

4. Four Macromolecules: Carbohydrates

5. Monomer of a Carbohydrate
Simple Sugar or Monosaccharide

6. Polymer of a Carbohydrate
Complex sugar

7. Type of Carb: Monosaccharide
Explanation: One sugar / Simple Sugar
Example: Glucose or Fructose

8. Indicator: Benedict’s Solution

9. Positive Test: Turns Green to Red

10. Type of Carb: Polysaccharide
Explanation: Many Sugars

11. Example of a Polysaccharides
Cellulose:
Provides structure for plants

12. Example of a Polysaccharide
Starch: Stored Energy in plants

13. Examples of a Polysaccharide
Chitin: Structure and support for insects and mushrooms

14. Indicator: Iodine

15. Positive Test: Turns Black

16. Example of a Polysaccharide
Glycogen: Stored energy in animals

17. Carbohydrate Functions #1
Short term energy source
Burn quickly

18. Carbohydrate Function #2
Stored Energy
Organisms store what they don’t use

19. Carbohydrate Function #3
Provide structure for plants, fungus, and insects

20. Indicator: Benedict’s Solution

21. Positive Test: Turns Green to Red

22. Four Macromolecules: Lipids

23. Lipids
Also known as: Fats, Oils, and Waxes

24. Indicator: Brown Paper Bag or Towel

25. Positive Test: Grease Spot

26. Lipids Function #1
Long term energy storage

27. Lipids Function #2
Provide Insulation

28. Regulate water movement in and out of the cell
Lipids Function #3
Regulate water movement in and out of the cell

29. Four Macromolecules: Proteins

30. Protein Monomers and Polymers

31. Indicator: Biuret’s

32. Positive Test: Turns Purple

33. Proteins Function #1
Make up the structure and function of muscles

34. Proteins Function #3
Blood has hemoglobin (protein) which helps transport oxygen

35. Proteins Function #4
Insulin (protein) helps glucose move from our bloodstream to our cells

36. Protein Function - #5
Enzymes (Protein) fuel every chemical reaction in organisms.
Helps form bonds and break things down

37. Four Macromolecules: Nucleic Acids

38. Nucleic Acids
Elements present: Only one with P
Monomer: Nucleotide

39. Nucleic Acid Function #1
Responsible for an organisms genetic make-up (DNA)

40. Nucleic Acid Function #2
Usable form of energy (ATP)

41. Nucleic Acid – Function #3
Makes Proteins: RNA

42. Enzymes
Christopherson

43. Chemical Reaction Reactants Products
Occurs when bonds are broken or formed to create a new substance
Reactants Products

44. Characteristics of Enzymes #1
Enzymes are biological catalysts

45. Example of Enzymes as Catalysts

46. Characteristics of Enzymes #2
Enzymes are site specific
One enzyme = One job

47. How Enzymes Work

49. Environmental Effects on EnzymespH
Dramatic changes in the pH of a solution can denature an enzyme
Decreasing enzyme activity

50. Prokaryotic/Eukaryotic Cells - Prokaryotic organisms lack membrane bound organelles; no nucleus, etc.

52. Nucleus Control center of the cell
Location of DNA – which is our genetic make-up and holds the directions

53. Ribosomes
Responsible for making proteins

55. Mitochondria Powerhouse of the cell
ATP (usable form of energy) is made here

57. Chloroplast
Site of photosynthesis; Producers absorb sunlight energy, carbon dioxide, and water to make glucose (food)

59. Vacuole Storage center for the cell Stores water, food, etc.
AKA the attic of the cell

61. Plasma/Cell Membrane
Regulates what comes in and out of the cell; AKA gatekeeper

64. Cell Wall
Provides structure and support

66. Cellular Transport
Christopherson

67. Equilibrium/Homeostasis

68. Selectively Permeable?

69. Two types of transport in cells
Passive Transport: Movement of particles from a high to a low concentration

70. Two types of transport in cells
Active Transport: Movement of particles from a low to a high concentration; ATP is needed

71. Review: Diffusion
Movement of particles from a high concentration to a low concentration
HIGH
LOW

72. Substances that can Diffuse across membrane
Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide

73. Passive or Active?

74. Review: Osmosis
Movement of WATER from a high concentration to a low concentration
Water will always move to the higher amount of dissolved solutes
HIGH
LOW

75. Hint:
Water will ALWAYS move to the higher concentration of dissolved substances.

76. Isotonic Solution Cell remains same size
Water moves in and out at same rate (time)
The concentration of dissolved substances is equal in and out of cell.

78. Hypotonic Solution Cell swells Water moves in
The higher concentration of dissolved substances is __________ the cell.

80. Hypertonic Solution Cell shrinks Water moves out
The higher concentration of dissolved substances is __________ the cell.

82. Passive or Active?

83. Active Transport
Movement of larger substances from a low to a high concentration
Transport protein and ATP is needed for assistance
HIGH
LOW

84. Passive or Active?

85. Energy and Photosynthesis I
Christopherson

86. ATP Structure

87. Does ATP have ENERGY?

88. ADP Structure

89. Does ADP have ENERGY?

90. Photosynthesis Location

91. Review: Photosynthesis Function

92. Photosynthesis Summative

93. Purpose of Cell Respiration
C6H12O6
ATP

94. Summative equation: Cell Respiration
ATP

95. What does Anaerobic mean???
Respiration without oxygen

96. Organisms that Undergo Anaerobic Respiration
Bacteria
Yeast

97. Anaerobic Respiration: Simple Organisms
C-C-C-C-C-C
Glucose
C-C-C and C-C-C
Pyruvate
Lactic Acid Fermentation
Alcohol Fermentation

98. What does Aerobic mean???
Respiration with oxygen

99. Aerobic Respiration: Complex Organisms
C-C-C-C-C-C
Glucose
C-C-C and C-C-C
Pyruvate O2
ATP ATP ATP