1. EARLY NATIVE AMERICANS
Chapter 1 Section 3

2. HOHOKAM Lived in the desert of present-day Arizona
From 300 A.D. to 1300 A.D.
Built irrigation channels to bring water from Gila and Salt Rivers
Left behind pottery, carved stone, and shells

3. ANASAZI Lived in area known as the Four Corners
Where Utah, Colorado, Arizona, and New Mexico meet
From 1 A.D. to 1300 A.D.
Built stone and cliff dwellings
Looked like apartment buildings
Pueblo Bonito and Mesa Verde
Anasazi moved to smaller communities in 1300 A.D. (possibly because of droughts)

4. Interior of
Mesa Verde

5. Cliff dwellings

6. MOUND BUILDERS
Lived in central North America – present-day Pennsylvania to the Mississippi River valley
Built mounds of earth that looked like Aztec stone pyramids

7. ADENA Hunters and gatherers
Among the earliest Mound Builders living in the Ohio Valley around 800 B.C.

8. HOPEWELL Farmers and traders
Built large burial mounds shaped like birds, bears, and snakes
Left behind pearls, shells, cloth, and copper in their mounds
Showed their variety of trade

9. CAHOKIA Built the largest settlement in present-day Illinois
City may have had 16,000 people
Monks Mound – highest mound – nearly 100 feet high
Probably the highest structure north of Mexico

10. Other Native Americans by Region
North
West
Southwest
Plains
East
Southeast

11. NORTH Inuit Lived in cold Arctic region
May have been last to migrate to North America
Built igloos
Wore furs and sealskins
Hunters and fishers

12. WEST
Tlingit, Haida, Chinook, Nez Perce, Yakima, Pomo, Ute, and Shoshone
Used resources of the forest and sea as they hunted and gathered
Ute and Shoshone created temporary shelters as they traveled in search of food

13. HAIDA

14. TLINGIT

15. SOUTHWEST The Hopi, the Acoma, and the Zuni
Homes were made of adobe bricks
Raised maize, beans, and squash
The Navajo and the Apache settled in the region in the 1500s
Hunters and gatherers, unlike the others
Built square homes called hogans

16. PLAINS Nomads Hunted and farmed and built tents called tepees
Moved from place to place
Learned to tame wild horses and used them to hunt and fight

17. EAST The Iroquois and the Cherokee
Formed complex political systems of governing
The Iroquois formed five groups: Onondaga, Seneca, Mohawk, Oneida, Cayuga
Fought against each other until the late 1500s when they formed THE IROQUOIS LEAGUE or IROQUOIS CONFEDERACY

18. SOUTHEAST The Creek, the Chickasaw, and the Cherokee
Farmed and adapted to the warmer woodlands climate of the south

19. THINK
Why do you think the different Native American groups developed a wide variety fo cultures?