1. Warm-up #1
Do you think that war was inevitable? Use evidence and examples to support your opinion.

2. Causes of the Civil War
Describe the factors that led to the Civil War.
TO THIS?
FROM THIS?

3. I. KEY CONCEPTS & VOCABULARY What question does this image ask?

4. As the territory of the United States expanded across the continent, would new states become slave states – or free? ?

5. A. States’ Rights B. Federal Power KEY CONCEPTS & VOCABULARY
Would the North or the South want states to have the POWER to make this decision?
B. Federal Power
Would the North or the South want the federal government to have the POWER to make this decision?

6. What did abolitionists want?

7. II. Compromise and Rebellion
What are we going to do?!

8. A. Missouri Compromise Missouri would be admitted as a slave state
Maine would be admitted as a free state
Slavery would be banned north of the 36 30N latitude of the Louisiana purchase
Why? To balanced slave and free states

9. United States, 1819
The number of slave-states equaled the number of free states. (11 vs. 11)
Would the new states in the Louisiana Territory be allowed to have slavery?

10. The Missouri Compromise of 1820 quieted the slavery debate…for a while

11. What happened? What do you think were the consequences?

12. B. Nat Turner’s Rebellion (1831)
1) Nat Turner (a slave) and six men went from house to house, killing all of the white people they encountered. Turner's force eventually consisted of more than 40 slaves.
2) In the end, the rebels had stabbed, shot and clubbed at least 55 white people to death.

13. Nat Turner was eventually captured
He was hanged and beheaded
3. In the hysterical climate that followed the rebellion, close to 100 Africans, many of whom had nothing to do with the rebellion, were murdered by white mobs.

14. 4. Effect of the Rebellion
“Slave Codes” (laws) were tightened in the South
Slaves could not…
be taught to read or write
meet without a white person present
move from place to place freely

15. III. Continued Debate
United States, 1848
Would the new land won in the war with Mexico become slave states or free states?

16. A. Wilmot Proviso Introduced by David Wilmot
Proposal that would prohibit slavery in lands acquired from Mexico
Southerners were furious
Did not pass in Congress but it did further the split of the North and the South

17. B. Compromise of 1850 California was admitted as a “free state”.
The rest of the territories could decide for themselves whether to permit slavery or not.
A strong Fugitive Slave Law, strongly opposed by Northerners, required them to return runaway slaves to their owners

18. C. Uncle Tom’s Cabin Book about the cruelty of slavery
Written by Harriet Beecher Stowe
Book about the cruelty of slavery
Moved many to join the cause of abolition
Increased tension between the North and South

19. Do Now Review notes with your table:
Ask clarification on thing that confused you.
Quiz each other with your main idea questions.
Underline or highlight key information.

20. D. The Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854) created two new territories
The act left it up to settlers to decide whether to become slave states or free states
This is called “Popular Sovereignty”

21. “Popular Sovereignty”
What do you think happened?

22. E. “Bleeding Kansas”
Northern and Southern settlers both flooded into Kansas
Supporters of slavery invaded an abolitionist town, burned a hotel, looted home and destroyed newspaper presses
Anti-slavery forces retaliated. Led by John Brown, they invaded a pro-slavery town, dragged five men from their homes killed them
Starts a two year conflict in Kansas over the issues of slavery, more then 200 people die.

23. F. Violence in Congress
Southerners were outraged by a speech Senator Sumner made criticizing Southern congressmen for supporting the Kansas- Nebraska Act
On May 22, Rep. Preston Brooks savagely beat Sumner with a cane to defend Southern honor (and his relative who was targeted in Sumner’s speech).
The beating was so bad that the cane broke and it took 3 ½ years for Sumner to recover

24. IV. Political Divisions

25. A. Dred Scott Decision Was he a Person or Property?
Dred Scott, a slave from Missouri, went to court and sued for his freedom on the grounds that when his master took him to free territories he was no longer a slave.
The U.S. Supreme Court had to decide…
Was he a Person or Property?
Hint: 4 Northern judges, 5 Southern judges

26. Dred Scott

27. Dred Scott Scott was taken to free states with his owner
They moved around from Illinois to Wisconsin and finally to Missouri where the owner died
Dred Scott then sued for his freedom on the grounds that he should be free because he was on free soil
It went to the Supreme Court 11 years later

28. Chief Justice Roger Taney
African Americas were not citizens, so they could not sue in court.
Slaves were property, so Congress did not have the power to ban slavery in any territory.
Therefore, the Missouri Compromise was “unconstitutional”
Dred Scott remained a slave

29. 2. Lincoln-Douglas Debates
Before becoming president, Abraham Lincoln ran against Stephen Douglas for an Illinois Senate seat Lincoln loses and then runs for president in the election of 1860.
LINCOLN said…
A house divided against itself cannot stand
I believe this government cannot endure, permanently half slave and half free.
It will become all one thing or all the other.
Slavery is a MORAL ISSUE It is either right… or it is wrong.
DOUGLAS said…
In the Dred Scott Decision, the Supreme Court had decided the issue of slavery forever
Slavery was legal

30. 3. Raid at Harpers Ferry
John Brown, an abolitionist, was tired of waiting for Congress to act.
In 1859, he and his followers seized the federal arsenal in Harpers Ferry, West Virginia.
They planned to march their army through South to forcibly free slaves.
Many Northerners viewed Brown as a hero.
Southerners thought Brown was a lunatic and became increasingly fearful of northern abolitionism.

31. How do you think the South felt about these words?
John Brown
“I John Brown am now quite certain that the crimes (slavery) of this guilty land will never be purged away but with blood.”
How do you think the South felt about these words?

32. V. Presidential Election of 1860
The slavery question overshadowed all others in the presidential election year of 1860.
The South threatened that it would secede if Lincoln was elected.
Secede = break away
Stephen Douglas
John Bell
Abraham Lincoln
John Breckinridge

33. Lincoln Wins the Presidency
Lincoln won only 40% of the popular vote…
But remember the Electoral College?

34. Lincoln Wins! Total Electoral Votes - 303 Lincoln – 180 Douglas – 12
Breckinridge – 72
Bell – 39

36. VI. The South Secedes
One by one, Southern states seceded from the Union after Lincoln’s election
South Carolina Secedes first then others follow.
Lincoln and many northerners refused to accept the right of the south to secede.

37. Union vs. Confederacy President - Abraham Lincoln
Population – 22,300,000
President – Jefferson Davis
Population – 9,100,000 (3,900,000 were slaves)

39. Attack on Fort Sumter
Southern states seized and occupied most of the federal forts within their borders
April 12, 1861, at 4:30 a.m., Confederate troops opened fire on Fort Sumter, firing for 36 straight hours
The Civil War had begun

40. By the end of the war… NORTH: SOUTH:
2.2 million men were in put into uniform (180,000 of them African American)
600,000 were killed, wounded in battle, or died of disease.
SOUTH:
590,000Confederate soldiers were mobilized
As many as 490,000 them may have died or been wounded

41. Next war that had the most casualties?
World War II
Guess how many?
405,000
World War I
116,000
Vietnam War
58,000

42. The South was destroyed and needed to be rebuilt.
Slavery was abolished and millions of freed African-Americans would start a new life.