1. ES112 Spring Semester Final Test Study Guide Review

2. Greenhouse Gases
Greenhouse gases are gases that exist in the atmosphere, have gotten there either naturally or by other means, and cause heat to be trapped
What are some examples?
Identify the top 3 greenhouse gases

3. Water vapor (H2O)
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Methane (CH4)

4. Oceans
What determines density?
What is Upwelling?

5. Temperature-Salinity (density) Diagram
You have to be able to explain the two factors that affect ocean water density
Temperature-Salinity (density) Diagram

6. Upwelling is a process in which deep, cold water rises toward the surface
Winds blowing across the ocean surface push water away. Colder water then rises up from beneath the surface to replace the water that was pushed away.

8. Some parts of the water cycle
Condensation process by which water vapor in the air is changed into liquid water
Evaporation process by which water changes from a liquid to a gas or vapor
Transpiration water vapor released from plants
Precipitation water released from clouds in the form of rain, freezing rain, sleet, snow, or hail
Sublimation the conversion between the solid and the gaseous phases of matter, with no intermediate liquid stage.

11. The carbon cycle is closely related to the movement of oxygen

12. Cellular respiration is necessary for the organism's survival, and it helps move the carbon cycle along. What gas do organisms use in cellular respiration to produce carbon dioxide and help move the carbon cycle (3.06)

13. The Carbon cycle is tied to the Oxygen Cycle

14. Where does the Sun’s Energy Come From?
Nuclear Fusion
Takes place in the core
Two hydrogen atoms join together to form helium
Heat and light energy are a by-product of the nuclear fusion process

15. Planets Terrestrial – Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars
Gas – Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune

16. What two factors affect a planet’s gravity?

17. Size and mass

18. Rotating Planets!!!

19. What similarities do Earth and Venus have?
Average Distance from the Sun : Astronomical Units
Radius: ,760 Miles
Mass: x Earth Day: Earth days Year: Earth days Avg. Temperature: F
Moons : none
Gravity: If you weigh 100 pounds on Earth,
you would weigh 91 pounds on Venus.
Earth
Avg Dist from the Sun : Astronomical Unit
Radius : ,959 mi
Day : hours
Year : days
Avg. Temp: F

20. All planets rotate counterclockwise except Venus.

21. Eclipses Solar – new moon, moon casts a shadow on earth
Lunar – full moon, earth casts a shadow on the moon

22. You have to know how to interpret a diagram, and explain the sequence and causes of lunar phases
Where is the sun? When the moon is between the earth and the sun we “see” the new moon.

23. Do we see all sides of the moon or always the same side
Do we see all sides of the moon or always the same side? Explain your answer in 1 to 2 sentences

24. We see one side because the Moon is orbiting the Earth.
The Moon rotates about its axis as it orbits the Earth.
NOTE: The wobble of the moon on its axis as it rotates enables us to see a little more than half (about 59%) of the moon.

25. When looking at two stars that are the same distance away, how can you tell one star is hotter than the other?
The brighter the star the hotter the star

26. Explain the difference between comets, asteroids and meteors.
Asteroids are smaller than planets but larger than meteoroids, meaning that an asteroid can range from a few meters wide to hundreds of km wide. Most are found between Mars and Jupiter.

27. comets
Comets are icy and travel from the outer to the inner solar system and back.
Gas tail (blue) – away from the Sun
Dust tail (yellow) – curves toward the orbital path

28. Asteroid vs. Meteor vs. Meteorite
It all depends where it is.
When a piece hits the earth's atmosphere, it is called a meteor. If it lands on Earth, it is called a meteorite.

29. Recap Asteroid – solid rock that orbits the sun
Meteor – rock, iron or icy body entering the Earth’s atmosphere
Meteorite – any meteor striking the ground

30. What is light? A transverse wave
A wave of both electricity and magnetism
Electromagnetic energy – energy that moves as a wave at the speed of light
Does not require a medium and can travel in a vacuum

31. So you have to be able to explain what type of wave light travels as and identify the parts
A transverse wave is a moving wave that consists of oscillations occurring perpendicular (or right angled) to the direction of energy transfer.

32. Be familiar with the sequential process of light moving through a telescope
What focuses the incoming light? The Objective lens

34. Define and give examples of renewable resources on earth

35. There are 19 Multiple Choice questions worth 5 points each
Have a fantastic summer!!!