1. What is bird strike??
A collision between an aerial animal and a man-made vehicle such as aircraft or spacecraft is known as Bird Strike.

2. Some facts about the bird strikes
Bird strikes are a CAP safety mishap.
More than bird strike reported from which is just 20% of actual strikes occurred.
2 pound seagull striking an aircraft with the speed of 140mph exerts a force of 4800lbs on aircraft.
Annual damage of $650 million had been done to just American civil and fighter crafts and $1.3 billion worldwide.
Over 288 deaths occurred from1988 till date so far.

3. Important factors need to study accidents
Size and weight of the bird
Aircraft speed
Engine type
Diameter of inlet
Power setting of the engine
Exact location of the strike on the aircraft

4. Important factors need to study accidents
Birds Classification or Taxonomy: Science of the classification of living organisms. The birds migrate from one place to another, so the geographic area inhabited by a bird species is called its breeding range.
Effect of bird weights and density on strikes: Important factors that decides the damage to be occurred. More damage about to occur in case of collision with a bird with high density.
Bird behaviour and flying altitude: The bird-flight altitudes vary from 30 to 300 feet above ground level (AGL). 80 percent of bird strikes occur when aircrafts are below1,000 ft. AGL.
Soaring and Gliding: Soaring and Gliding flight are energy-efficient behaviours of larger bird species. As a result, soaring birds covers greater airspace around airports vertically and horizontally giving rise to more hazards to the aircrafts.

5. Bird strike accident 26 February,1973
On this date an Learjet 24aircraft departed from Atlanta (Peach tree DeKalb airport ) strike with brown headed cow birds which were attracted to nearby trash transfer station .
Intense bird strike caused engine failure eventually leading to crashing of aircraft on a rooftop of a building.
Accident killed 8 people including 5 passengers , 2 crew members and 1 person at roof top of the building.
In the response to this accident FAA took serious measures to clean up the areas around the air strips to avoid attraction for birds.

6. Civil aviation and aircraft industry

7. Industry Growth The average growth rate for next 20 years will be 5 %.
By 2018 world airline fleet is expected to almost double to over 28,000 aircraft.

8. Industry Growth
Canada's airplane business contributed more than $28B to Gross domestic product and 211,000 occupations to the Canadian economy in 2015

9. Industry Growth
Aviation producing represented near 30% of aggregate producing part R&D investment's
More than 20% of aviation assembling movement (GDP) was committed to R&D, speaking to $1.9B in 2015

10. The Canadian aerospace industry
The lion's share of aviation assembling action was found in Central Canada.
The major share of aviation assembling action was found in Central Canada.
Western and Atlantic Canada had 60% of aerospace MRO exercises.

11. Key findings
Canada's avionic business contributed more than $28B to GDP and 211,000 occupations to the Canadian economy in 2015
Close to 55% of aviation fares were production network related, and these developed by half somewhere around and 2015
The major share of aviation assembling action was found in Central Canada
Canada's airplane business contributed more than $28B to Gross domestic product and 211,000 occupations to the Canadian economy in 2015
Western and Atlantic Canada had 60% of aerospace MRO exercises
More than 20% of aviation assembling movement (GDP) was committed to R&D, speaking to $1.9B in 2015

12. Percentage of bird strike on aircraft
Three-quarters of bird strikes involve the wing or engines, but they can damage nearly any part of an airplane.

13. Cost of aircraft by bird striking
Direct costs
The direct costs refer to those incurred within the repair or replacement of broken parts, and include the actual price of the parts, labor and the overhead cost related with the labor.
Indirect costs
Indirect costs are impacted by the extent of damage to the aircraft, distance from the operator’s closest repair base, size of the airline fleet and the operator’s type of business.
Transporting replacement components and mechanics to the site
Replacement aircraft
Missed connections and re-booking passengers on alternate flights
Accommodation and meal costs for repair crews

14. Cost of aircraft by striking birds
Ancillary costs
Ancillary costs square measure are incurred by the airport owner or operator, regulatory authorities, other airport users and emergency-response agencies that must deal with the results of bird or mammal strikes.
Airport emergency response
Runway closures
Runway clean-up and repairs
Flight arrival and departure delays
Administration of regulatory agencies involved with bird and wildlife hazards
Additional fuel used by aircraft during delays
Airport wildlife-management programs

15. Wildlife-strike prevention
Airports around the world are using many different bird strike prevention methods. Prevention methods vary widely because no two airports are the same. There are some common method for wildlife- strike.
Shooting Birds
Shooting not only directly reduces the number of birds on airport properties by killing them, but also scares other birds away with noise and the sight of dying birds.
Egg Oiling
This method commonly used for Canadian geese, Because Canadian Geese pose such a threat to airplanes. They oiled geese eggs with vegetable oil to prevent hatching.

16. Wildlife-strike prevention
Overhead Netting and Grid Line
A promising technology for airports near wetlands is the use of overhead grid line systems. These grids of wires, suspended at least 1.5 meters above the ground, can cover lengths up to 675 meters
Avian Radar
Avian radar specifically tracks the movements of birds and give information data.
Predators
In the past, airports have tried introducing natural predators to scare off flocks of smaller birds. . Trained raptors, such as gyrfalcons, eagles, and peregrine falcons are released by falconers to scare away resident birds.

17. Wildlife-strike prevention
Drones
Some airports have experimented with remote controlled planes or drones. Drones act like other predatory birds to scare birds away. It also used by pyrotechnics or noise making devices to scare birds away.
Landscape Management
Managing the landscape surrounding the airport limits or removes the attractiveness of the airport to birds.
Lights on aircrafts
The lighting fixtures could offer an in advance warning so the birds can discover and avoid the aircraft.

18. Solutions To Bird Strike:
Airframe And Engine Manufacturers
Airport And Surrounding
Pilots
Air Operators

19. Airport and Surrounding
Aeronautics Act Section 4.2
“The Minister is responsible for the development and regulation of aeronautics and the supervision of all matters connected with aeronautics, and in the discharge of those”
Responsibilities
“Wildlife Management Programs”
Aeronautics Act section 5.4 (2)
“Intended to prevent land-use activities that may lead to wildlife hazards”
Transport Canada Publication (TP1247)
“Land Use in the Vicinity of Airports”

20. The Aircraft Canadian Aviation Regulation (CAR) 602.32
Speed limitation
Airworthiness standards (FAR 27)
Airworthiness Standards (FAR 29)
Aircraft Engine Certification (FAR 33)
Impact of Bird strike on a windshield

21. Impact force of the bird strike at various flight speed