1. 30 seconds to decide… which do you think is cleaner? How do you know?
Which is cleaner?
30 seconds to decide… which do you think is cleaner? How do you know?

2. Which would you rather drink?
30 seconds to decide… which do you think is safer to drink? How could you know?

3. Learning Outcomes:
All will be able to give examples of specific indicators that help inform us about pollution levels.
Most will be able to explain that cause and effect of oil pollution in Southampton Waters.
Some will be able to explain how oil spills can be cleaned up.

4. Key words
Indicator Species Crude Oil Sample Dredge or Trawl

5. How clean do you think Southampton Water is?
What factors could affect it?

6. Sediment Indicators
One way to investigate pollution is to study the sediment from the bottom of the water by dredging the bottom.
A grab is taken from the Fawley side and one from Victoria park.

7. What does healthy sediment look like?
Callista grabs sediment samples from the bottom of the water.
The sediment is made of two layers: oxic and anoxic.
What do you think the difference is?

8. Healthy Sediment
Oxygen cannot penetrate that far.

9. How might these differences affect the sediment as a habitat?
Your task:
Look closely at the pictures of the two different sediment grabs. Can you see a difference?
Royal Victoria
Country Park
Fawley
Near Fawley the sediment is coated with oil. There are also no creatures living further down in the sediment. You mainly get dead cockle shells or very small living ones.
How might these differences affect the sediment as a habitat?

10. Pit stop:
All will be able to give examples of specific indicators that help inform us about pollution levels.
Most will be able to explain that cause and effect of oil pollution in Southampton Waters.
Some will be able to explain how oil spills can be cleaned up.

11. Why do you rely on me so much?
Crude Oil
Why do you rely on me so much?

12. Without crude oil we wouldn’t have….

13. The downside…
In April 2010 an oil rig, the Deepwater Horizon, exploded and sunk in the Gulf of Mexico.
As well as the loss of 11 human lives the oil well kept gushing into the ocean for 87 days until it could be capped.
It caused an environmental catastrophe that still effects the area today.

14. The downside

15. Assessment Task
You will be provided with a worksheet to help you write a report about the effect of oil spills and possible solutions. You will need to complete some research and follow the level ladder to obtain the best level you can.

16. There are many types of cleaning methods used for spills:
Bioremediation: using microorganisms/ biological agents to break down or remove oil
Dredging: some oils are denser than water, and sink. These require cleaning below the surface of the impacted water.
Skimming: only effective areas where the water is calm.
Dispersion: some detergents can disperse oil into smaller clusters that are easier to remove than larger areas.
Burning: controlled burning can eliminate large amounts of the oil in the water, but requires great care to avoid the fire spreading and minimise pollution.

17. Investigation: To simulate an oil spill and investigate different clean up methods.
Equipment needed: One tray Vegetable oil Elastic bands Paper towels String Tooth picks Cotton balls Cling film Lolly sticks Balloons Cork Straws Pipettes Spoons Cooked rice Grass Sand

18. Method
Add 2 tablespoons of oil into a tray of water.
2. Decide how you will remove it.
3. Be ready to share your method with the
rest of the class.

19. Results table
Clean up method
Result and evaluation

20. Explain what was the best clean up method and why that might be.
Write a conclusion
Explain what was the best clean up method and why that might be.
Explain how there may be some drawbacks to this method of clean up, especially on the large scale that would be needed for a real oil spill.

21. Learning Outcomes:
All will be able to give examples of specific indicators that help inform us about pollution levels.
Most will be able to explain that cause and effect of oil pollution in Southampton Waters.
Some will be able to explain how oil spills can be cleaned up.

22. Plenary Write one question that you have about today’s lesson
Draw the pyramid in your book!
Write two keywords from the lesson
Write three things that you learnt in today’s lesson