1. Section 3: States of Matter
All matter on Earth and in the universe occurs in the form of a solid, a liquid, a gas, or plasma. K
What I Know W
What I Want to Find Out L
What I Learned

2. Essential Questions What are the different states of matter on Earth?
Why does matter exist in these states?
How is thermal energy related to changes in states of matter?
States of Matter
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3. Vocabulary Review New chemical reaction crystalline structure glass
evaporation
plasma
condensation
sublimation
States of Matter
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4. Solids
Solids are substances with densely packed particles, which can be ions, atoms, or molecules.
Most solids are crystalline structures because the particles of a solid are arranged in regular geometric patterns, giving solids definite shape and volume.
Glass is a solid that consists of densely packed atoms arranged randomly.
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States of Matter

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The State of Matter—Solids
Concepts In Motion
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States of Matter
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6. Liquids
An increase in temperature increases the thermal vibrations of atoms in a solid.
When thermal vibrations become vigorous enough to break the forces holding the solid together, the particles can slide past each other, and the substance becomes liquid.
Liquids take the shape of the container they are placed in, but they do have a definite volume.
States of Matter
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The State of Matter—Liquids
Concepts In Motion
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States of Matter
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8. Gases
Some vibrating particles can gain sufficient thermal energy to escape a liquid.
This process of change from a liquid to a gas at temperatures below the boiling point is called evaporation.
Gases, like liquids, have no definite shape. Gases also have no definite volume unless they are restrained by a container or a force such as gravity.
States of Matter
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The State of Matter—Gases
Concepts In Motion
FPO
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States of Matter
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10. Plasma
At extreme temperatures, the collisions between particles in matter are so violent that electrons are knocked away from atoms, resulting in hot, highly ionized, electrically conducting gases called plasmas.
States of Matter
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11. Changes of State
Solids melt when they absorb enough thermal energy to cause their orderly internal crystalline arrangement to break down. This happens at the melting point.
States of Matter
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12. Changes of State
When liquids are cooled, they solidify at that same temperature and release thermal energy. The temperature at which liquids solidify is called the freezing point.
When a liquid is heated to the boiling point and absorbs enough thermal energy, vaporization occurs, and the liquid becomes a gas.
States of Matter
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13. Changes of State
When a gas is cooled to the boiling point, it releases thermal energy and becomes a liquid in a process called condensation.
The slow change of state from a solid to a gas without an intermediate liquid state is called sublimation.
States of Matter
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14. Conservation of Energy
The fundamental fact that matter cannot be created or destroyed is called the law of conservation of matter.
Like matter, energy cannot be created or destroyed, but it can be changed from one form to another.
This law, called the conservation of energy, is also known as the first law of thermodynamics.
States of Matter
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15. Review Essential Questions Vocabulary
What are the different states of matter on Earth?
Why does matter exist in these states?
How is thermal energy related to changes in states of matter?
Vocabulary
crystalline structure
glass
evaporation
plasma
condensation
sublimation
States of Matter
Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education