1. SECTOR OF ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES
Presented By
BIJU P M

2. DEVELOPMENT Different persons can have different developmental goals .
What may be development for one may not be development for the other. It may even be destructive for the other.

3. INCOME AND OTHER GOALS
Money, or material things that one can buy with it, is one factor on which our life dependes,but the quality of our life also depends on non-material things.
For development people look at a mix of goals.
A safe and secure environment may allow more women to take up a variety of jobs or run a business.

4. NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT
It is very important to keep in mind that different persons could have different as well as conflicting notions of a country’s development.
For comparing countries, their income is considered to be one of the most important attributes.

6. PER CAPITA INCOME
Which is the total income of the country divided by its total population. This average income is also called per capita income.
Countries with per capita income of Rs per annum and above in 2004 , are called rich countries and those with per capita income of Rs or less are called low-income countries.

7. India comes in the category of low-income countries because its per capita income in 2004 was just Rs per annum.

8. INCOME AND OTHER CRITERIA
STATE Per capita
Income for
(In
Rs)
Kerala
Punjab
Bihar
Infant mortality Rate(IMR)
The number of children that die before the age of one year as a proportion of 1000 live children born in that particular year.

9. Some comparative data on Punjab,Kerala and Bihar
STATE
INFANT MORTALITY RATE PER 1000(2003)
LITERACY RATE (%) (2001)
NET ATTENDENCE RATIO FOR CLASS I-V( )
PUNJAB 49 70 81
KERALA 11 91
BIHAR 60 47 41

10. PUBLIC FACILITIES
Money in your pocket cannot buy all the goods and services that you may need to live well.
Kerala has a low Infant Mortality Rate because it has adequate provision of basic health and educational facilities.
BMI (Body Mass Index), Take the weight of the person in kg .then take the height in meters. Divide the weight by the square of the height.

11. HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT
Human Development Report published by UNDP compares countries based on the educational levels of the people, their health status and per capita income.

12. Some data regarding India and its neighbors for 2004
COUNTRY
PER CAPITA INCOME IN US $
LIFE EXPECTANCY AT BIRTH
LITERACY RATE FOR 15+ Yrs POPULATION
GROSS ENROLMENT RATIO FOR THREE LEVELS
HDI RANK IN THE WORLD
SRILANKA
4390 74 91 69 93
INDIA
3139 64 61 60
126
MYANMAR
1027 90 48
130
PAKISTAN
2225 63 50 35
134
NEPAL
1490 62
138
BANGLADESH
1870 41 53
137

13. SUSTAINABILITY OF DEVELOPMENT
Level of development should go up further or at least be maintained for future generations .This is known as sustainable development.

14. CLASSIFICATION OF THE SECTORS

16. PRIMARY SECTOR SECONDARY SECTOR
This is because it forms the base for all other products that we subsequently make. Since most of the natural products we get are from agriculture, diary, fishing, forestly, this sector is also called agriculture and related sector.
SECONDARY SECTOR
The Secondary sector covers activities in which natural products are changed into other forms. Since this sector gradually became associated with the different kinds of industries that came up, it is also called as Industrial sector.

17. TERTIARY SECTOR
Tertiary sector is different from the above two. These are activities that help in the development of the primary and secondary sectors.
Transport, storage, communication, banking, trade are some examples of tertiary activities. Since these activities generate services rather than goods, the tertiary sector is also called the service sector

18. COMPARING THE THREE SECTORS
How do we count the various goods and services and know the total production in each sector ?
Not every good (or service) that is produced and sold needs to be counted. It makes sense only to include the final goods and services.
The value of final goods already includes the value of all the intermediate goods that are used in making the final good.
The sum of production in the three sectors gives what is called the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of a country.

19. Historical Change in Sectors
As the methods of farming changed and agriculture sector began to prosper.
New methods of manufacturing were introduced, factories came up and started expanding.
There has been a further shift from secondary to tertiary sector in developed countries.

20. PRIMARY, SECONDARY AND TERTIARY SECTORS IN INDIA
Graph Shows the production of goods and services in the three sectors. This is shown for two years, 1973 and You can see how the total production has grown over the thirty years.

21. Rising Importance of the Tertiary Sector in Production
Over the thirty years between 1973 and 2003, while production in all the three sectors has increased, it has increased the most in the tertiary sector.
First, in any country several services such as hospitals, educational institutions, post and telegraph services, police station and courts are required. These can be considered as basic services.
Second, the development of agriculture and industry leads to the development of services such as transport, trade, storage.
Third, as income levels rise, certain sections of people start demanding many more services like eating out, tourism, shopping, private hospitals, private schools, professional training etc.
Fourth, over the past decade or so, certain new services such as those based on information and communication technology have become important and essential.

22. Where are most of the people employed ?

23. Where are most of the people employed ?
More than half of the workers in the country are working in the primary sector, mainly in agriculture, producing only a quarter of the GDP.
In other words, workers in agricultural sector are under-employed
This kind of underemployment is hidden in contrast to someone who does not have a job and is clearly visible as unemployed. Hence, it is also called disguised unemployment.
They may spend the whole day but earn very little

24. How to Create More Employment ?
We tackle this problem is to identify, promote and locate industries and services in semi-rural areas.
Opening a cold storage
Honey collection centres
The Central Government in India recently made a law implementing the Right to Work in 200 districts of India. It is called Natural Rural Employment Guarantee Act 2005(NREGA 2005)

25. Why do you think NREGA 2005 is referred to as ’Right to work’?
How would income and employment increase if farmers were provided with irrigation and marketing facilities?
In what ways can employment be increased in urban areas?

26. DIVISION OF SECTORS AS ORGANISED AND UNORGANISED
Organised Sector covers those enterprises or places of work where the terms of employment are regular and people have assured work. The Factory act, Wages act, the Payment of Gratuity act, Shop and Establishment act etc are the feauture of Organised sectors.
The unorganised sector is characterised by small and scattered units which are largely outside the control of the government. There are rules and regulations but these are not followed.

27. Shall we know ?
Look at the following examples. Which of these are unorganised sector activities ?
A teacher taking classes in a school
A headload worker carrying a bag of cement on his back in a market
A farmer irrigating her field
A doctor in a hospital treating a patient
A daily wage labourer working under a contractor
A factory worker going to work in a big factory
A handloom weaver working in her house

28. How to Protect Workers in the Unorganised Sector ?
In the rural areas, the unorganised sector mostly comprises of landless agricultural labourers.
These farmers need to be supported through adequate facility for timely delivery of seeds, agricultural inputs, credit, storage facilities and marketing outlets.
In the urban areas, unorganised sector comprise mainly of workers in small-scale industry
Small-scale industry also needs government’s support for procuring raw material and marketing of output.

29. SECTORS IN TERMS OF OWNERSHIP : PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTORS
In the public sector, the government owns most of the assets and provides all the services. In the private sector, ownership of assets and delivery of services is in the hands of private individuals or companies.
There are several things needed by the society as a whole but which the private sector will not provide at a reasonable cost.
There are some activities, which the government has to support.
For example, selling electricity at the cost of generation may push up the costs of production of industries. Many units, especially small-scale units, might have to shut down.
Similarly, the government in India buys wheat and rice from farmers at a ‘fair price;

30. Q1}Name the classification of sectors in Indian economy.
Ans} (i)Primary sector.
(ii)Secondary sector.
(iii)Tertiary sector.
Q2}What are the activities of Primary sector?
Ans} When we produce a exploiting natural resources, it is an activity of primary sector.
Ex;-Agriculture, dairy, fishing etc.
Q3}What is Secondary sector ?What are the activities of Secondary sector ?
Ans} The secondary sector covers activities in which natural products are changed into other Forms through ways of manufacturing.
Ex:- Sugarcane into gur, earth into bricks – Industry activities and industrial sector.
Q4}What is Terrtiary sector?
Ans}These are the activities that help in the development of the primary and Secondary sectors.
Transport, storage, communication, banking and trade are some examples.

31. Q5}How do we count the various goods and services and know the total
Q5}How do we count the various goods and services and know the total production in each sector ?
Ans} The value of final goods and services produced in each sector during a particular year provides the total production of the sector for that year.
Q6}What are the reasons for the rising importance of the Tertiary sector in production?
Ans} The development of agriculture and industry leads to the development of services such as transport, trade ,storage and the like. Secondly the income levels rise certain sections of people start demanding many more services like tourism, shopping, private hospitals, private schools, professional training etc. In a developed and developing economy the information technology is also very essential development.
Q7}Define disguised unemployment?
Ans} There are more people in agriculture than is necessary. This kind of underemployment is hidden in contrast to someone who does not have a job is disguised unemployment.
Q8}Why do you think NREGA 2005 is referred to as “ Right to work ” ?
Ans} Under NREGA 2005 all those who are able to, and are in need of work have been guaranteed 100 days of employment in a year by the GOVT. If the GOVT. fails in its duty to provide employment it will give unemployment allowances to the people. Hence, NREGA is the right to work.

32. Conclusion
Above seen matters clear various sector and their problems and salvation.
Thank u by TVP