1. Mrs. Swope Family and Consumer Science Dept Columbian High School
Chapter 12-3: Toddlers
Mrs. Swope
Family and Consumer Science Dept
Columbian High School

2. Toddlers Overview Ages 13 mo. - 36 mo.
Toddlers strive for independence and are developing their individuality
Parents need much patience to cope with the frustrations of toddlerhood.

4. Physical Development: Appearance
Still growing quickly; not as fast as infants
Head is still larger than body, arms, legs
Legs are growing longer, stronger
Baby fat is beginning to disappear.

5. Appearance cont. Hands and feet are still short and stubby
2 yr. olds inches, pounds
3 yr. olds inches, pounds
Childhood set of 20 teeth completed by 2 1/2 yrs.

7. Large Muscle Development of Toddlers
Toddlers are almost always in motion
13-15 mo. Can walk, climb out of crib, stroller
16-18 mo. May walk on tiptoes, tries to walk fast, able to kick a ball
19-21 mo. Can run stiffly; walks up but backs down stairs, squats easily to play

8. Large Muscle Development Cont.
22-24 mo. Can walk sideways and backwards; jumps with both feet, can throw a ball into a large container
24-30 mo. Climbs everywhere, can play on some playground equipment with supervision
30-36 mo. In constant motion, likes to sit in adult chairs, can catch a large ball

10. Small Muscle Development of Toddlers
Toddlers practice their grasping and manipulating skills by picking up all kinds of objects.
13-15 mo. Can turn thick pages of toddler books.
16-18 mo. Can begin to scribble, turns knobs on things, likes to fill and empty containers

11. Small Muscle Development cont.
19-21 mo. Can build a small block tower
22-24 mo. Likes modeling clay, can screw on caps
24-30 mo. Turns door knobs, can remove candy wrappers, can soap up hands for washing
30-36 mo. Can string large beads

12. Let’s Keep Toddlers Safe
Parent should do a safety check on each room of the house, garage, and yard
Keep an eye out for small objects like safety pins, coins, buttons, earrings, paperclips, and small removable parts
Keep all poisons, cleaning agents, and medicines out of reach of toddler

13. Toys and Play
Play helps muscles grow stronger, improves balance and coordination
Play teaches values of following rules, sharing, and respect
Can push themselves on wheeled toys
Like to play in sandboxes
Play helps develop imagination and creativity

14. Life Skills
Refers to the eating, dressing and grooming skills children must learn
Food should be cut into small pieces so toddler can feed self
Place small amts. of food on toddlers plate
Using good table manners is NOT a reasonable goal, they still like to use their fingers

15. Life Skills cont. Meals and snacks should be nutritious
Food should not be used as a reward, bribe, or threat.
Toddlers can help with dressing and undressing
Toddlers need guidance with washing hands, face, and brushing teeth

16. Toilet Training Toilet training involves basic steps.
1. Child must understand what parents wants him to do.
2. Child must be able to tighten the sphincter muscles.
3. Child must be able to get to the potty and remove clothing easily
4. Child must be able to relax their sphincter muscles so they can empty the bladder or rectum.

18. Toilet Training Toilet training follows a set pattern
Bowel control is achieved first
Daytime bladder control is next
Last, nighttime bladder control is achieved

19. Toilet Training Child should be praised when successful
Parents should not ridicule child when they have accidents
They should not be forced to sit on the potty for long periods of time.

20. Intellectual Development of Toddlers
Each child learns at his or her own pace
Parents cannot control their child’s intellectual development, just encourage it
Parents should provide stimulating interactions

21. Intellectual Development
Toddlers tend to be EGOCENTRIC (self-centered) meaning their activities revolve around their own interests.
Whatever they see, they want, they grab

22. Intellectual Development
13-15 mo. Like picture books
16-18 mo. Curious about everything, but they remember where things belong
19-21 mo. Looks at books for longer time

23. Intellectual Development
22-24 mo. Follows simple directions, can draw crude pictures
24-30 mo. Likes listening to music and children’s TV shows
30-36 mo. Can classify objects into categories
Toddlers need a mix of new experiences and familiar routines

24. The Importance of Books
Books are a vital part of child’s dev.
Read books as part of bedtime routine
Parents should involve the child by asking questions about the story
Allow child to pick out books
Reading books to toddler enhances the child’s language development

25. Social and Emotional Development
Toddlers behavior is inconsistent, they struggle for independence.
Toddlers’ emotions change from laughing one minute to crying the next.

26. Social /Emotional dev.
Parallel play - toddlers play beside each other, observing and watching each other. They may grab each other’s toys.
Cooperative play - older toddlers play together for short periods, social skills are not well dev.

28. Social / Emotional Toddlers learn roles of leader and follower
Allows child to use imagination
Child learns value of having patience.
Toddlers develop an attachment to one favorite object, a “lovey”

31. Social / Emotional dev.
Separation anxiety continues well into the toddler years
Temper tantrums - violent outbursts of negative behavior; 70% of older toddlers have them.
Soothe and cuddle child after tantrum
Play can help toddlers gain greater independence and self-esteem

32. Social / Emotional dev. Toddlers need to follow a routine
Parents need to provide guidance and consistent discipline
Toddlers will test the limits; firm limits let the child know parents care