1. doc.: IEEE 802.15-<doc#>
July 2016
Project: IEEE P Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs)
Submission Title: [IG-DEP Viable Technologies in PHY and MAC Layers for Technical Requirement of Enhanced Dependability in Wireless Links]
Date Submitted: [25 July, 2016]
Source: Ryuji Kohno, Yokohama National University/CWC-Nippon Co.
Address 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, Japan
Voice: +81 (0)
Re: []
Abstract: [This document summarizes viable technologies to carry out enhanced dependability in wireless links in PHY and MAC layers for this standard. In order to confirm feasibility of technical requirement for enhanced dependability in wireless links, we need to check available technologies which are not too special in only specific institutes and companies but commonly available.]
Purpose: [information]
Notice: This document has been prepared to assist the IEEE P It is offered as a basis for discussion and is not binding on the contributing individual(s) or organization(s). The material in this document is subject to change in form and content after further study. The contributor(s) reserve(s) the right to add, amend or withdraw material contained herein.
Release: The contributor acknowledges and accepts that this contribution becomes the property of IEEE and may be made publicly available by P
Ryuji Kohno(YNU/CWC-Nippon)
Shoichi Kitazawa (ATR)

2. doc.: IEEE 802.15-<doc#>
July 2016
IEEE IG DEP Viable Technologies in PHY and MAC Layers for Technical Requirement of Enhanced Dependability in Wireless Links Ryuji Kohno (Yokohama National University/CWC-Nippon Co.) San Diego, CA, USA
Ryuji Kohno(YNU/CWC-Nippon)

3. Three Classes of Focused Potential Applications
July 2016
Three Classes of Focused Potential Applications
We have classified focused potential applications into three classes according to demands of dependability.
QoS 1 Class: Highest Priority Level for Demand of Dependability
1.1 Car Internal M2M
1.3 Remote Diagnosis in Factory
2.3 Professional Medicine
3.2 Public Safety　
QoS 2 Class: Meddle Priority Level for Demand of Dependability
1,2 Inter-vehicle M2M
2.2 Healthcare
3.1 Life Line (Water/Gas/Electricity Supply)
4.1 Remote Diagnosis of Infra(bridge/bldg./train)
QoS 3 Class: Low Priority Level for Demand of Dependability
2.1 Wellness, Wellbeing
3.3 Government System
4.2 Remote Sensing and Controlling Mobile Robots
4.3 Disaster Analysis and Prevention
Ryuji Kohno(YNU/CWC-Nippon) )

4. July 2016
Focused Applications and Users of Enhanced Dependability in Wireless Links
According to highest necessity for enhanced dependability, we can focus the following applications with possible sponsors
QoS 1 Class: Highest Priority Level for Demand of Dependability
1.1 Car Internal M2M ; Volkswagen, BMW, KIA, Bosh, Continental, Toyota, Honda, Denso, Autoliv, etc.
1.3 Remote Diagnosis in Factory; Nissan, GM, Renault, Audi etc.
2.3 Professional Medicine; GE, Siemens, Medtronics, Philips, Olympus, etc.
3.2 Public Safety; Motorola, GE, Siemens, Raytheon, SECOM etc.
According to market size of the focused industry, automotive industry may be major.
1.Automotive
1.1Car Internal M2M; Volkswagen, BMW, KIA, Bosh, Continental etc.
1,2 Inter-vehicle M2M; Toyota, Daimler, Honda, Denso, Google etc.
Ryuji Kohno(YNU/CWC-Nippon)

5. Current Summary of Requirements in Doc.15-15-0217-06-0dep
July 2016
Current Summary of Requirements in Doc dep
Number of sensors: few tens to hundreds per network
Support for multiple network co-existence & interoperability: few tens of networks
Types of topologies: star, mesh, inter-connected networks
Data rate requirement: up to 2 Mbps per sensor
Latency in normal operation: 250 ms to 1 s
Latency in critical situation: few ms to 15 ms
Aggregate data rate per network: up to 1 Gbps (in some applications) / few Mbps (in others)
Delivery ratio requirement: >99.9 % (in some applications) / > 99 % (in others)
Disconnection ratio < 0.01 % (of time)
Synchronization recovery time: < 100 ms
Coverage range: up to 1000 m (in some applications) / 20 m (in others)
Feedback loop response time: less than 1 s (10 ms In collision avoidance radar)
Ryuji Kohno(YNU/CWC-Nippon)

6. Current Summary of Requirements (cont.)
July 2016
Current Summary of Requirements (cont.)
Handover capability: seamless between BANs and/or PANs, walking speed, 2 seconds
Transceiver power consumption: SotA acceptable
Module size: wearable for hospital use, maximum size 5 cm x 2 cm x 1 cm for automotive
Module weight: < 50 g for hospital, < 10 g for automotive & body
Data packet sizes (typical, maximum):
Hospital: 100 bytes, 1000 bytes
Automotive: 10 bytes, 1000 bytes
Compatibility with CAN and RIM buses for intra-vehicle
Security considerations: Handover peers need to have trust relationship. High confidentiality and privacy requirements in hospital environment. Lifecycle management.
Sensor lifetime: minimum 1 year, up to equipment lifetime
Jitter: < 50 ms in regular case, < 5 ms in critical situations. 5 % outliers acceptable.
Ryuji Kohno(YNU/CWC-Nippon)

7. Current Summary of Requirements (cont.)
July 2016
Current Summary of Requirements (cont.)
Interference models:
Intra network interference (MAC&PHY specification dependent)
Inter-network interference (take a look at literature, coexistence statements)
Channel models:
in intra-vehicle (needs to be measured),
inter-vehicle (exists in literature),
in factory (partially exists in literature),
in hospital (exist in literature),
in emergency rescue field (exists?)
Any other?
Ryuji Kohno(YNU/CWC-Nippon)

8. Necessary Technologies for Enhanced Dependability in Wireless Links
July 2016
Necessary Technologies for Enhanced Dependability in Wireless Links
Physical Layer Technology:
Modulation Scheme
Channel Coding or Error Controlling Scheme:
Diversity and Antenna Scheme:
Other schemes to get Gains and to combat with Loss in Link Budget
MAC Layer Technology:
Contention free protocol:
Dependable protocol with fixed delay
Hybrid or combined MAC protocols:
Cross layer technologies between PHY and MAC:
Other Layers Technology: should be assumed to jointly optimize specification in PHY and MAC although not be included in the standard.
New Technologies from Other Fields:
Controlling Theory
Digital Signal Processing
Ryuji Kohno(YNU/CWC-Nippon) )

9. July 2016
Physical Layer Technologies for Enhanced Dependability in Wireless Links
According to variance of channel condition, worst performance
should be improved to guarantee necessary requirements.
Various advanced wireless technologies should be applied to improve the worst performance.
Transmission Power Control
Avoid & Filter Undesired Signals
Space, Time, Frequency Diversity
S/N and D/I improved
Time Diversity(RAKE,Channel Coding)
Space Diversity(Array Antenna, MIMO)
Frequency Diversity(OFDM, UWB) 9
Ryuji Kohno(YNU/CWC-Nippon) )

10. Interdisciplinary Research Field between
July 2016
Interdisciplinary Research Field between
Communication and Control Theories
Control Theory
& Signal Processing
Communication Theory
Coding Theory
Digital Signal Processing
Fast Calculation Algorithm
Computing Theory
Game Theory
Stochastic Theory
Encryption Theory
Information Theory
System Engineering
Fault Tolerance
Karman Filter
Wiener Filter
Algorithm Theory
Revinson-Daubin Algorithm
Berlecamp-Massey Algorithm
Adaptive Filter
Enhanced Study Algorithm
Linear Programming, Newton Algorithm
Booph-Barger Algorithm
Complexity Theory
Entropy
Bayesian Theory
LMS, RLS Algorithm
NP Complete
Hash Function
Channel Coding ARQ
Viterbi ML Algorithm
Stability Analysis
Fault Check and Alarm
Commonality between communication and control theories must be useful to make common dependable theories and technologies.
Ryuji Kohno(YNU/CWC-Nippon) )
Slide 10

11. Interdisciplinary Works between Controlling and Communication Theories
July 2016
Interdisciplinary Works between Controlling and Communication Theories
Conventional controlling theory mostly focuses on stability in systems but does not care of transmission errors in a wireless channel but focus on stability of controlling.
Conventional communication theory or information theory focuses on transmission errors but does not care of different importance or priority of each information segment.
We must merge Controlling and Communication Theories back for Dependable M2M Controlling.
Ryuji Kohno(YNU/CWC-Nippon) )
Slide 11

12. July 2016
M2M Controlling Communication Different from Usual Human-Base Communication
Application
Transceiver has no need/intelligence to understand the meaning of the application in a usual Human-base communications.
Intelligence
Trans-ceiver
Trans-ceiver
In conventional communication systems, the entities of source and destination are mostly men and computers, so their intelligences are much higher than those of the components of system Therefore, they cannot understand the meaning of the application between the source and destination.
Ryuji Kohno(YNU/CWC-Nippon) )
Slide 12

13. July 2016
M2M Controlling Communication Different from Usual Human-base Communication
Intelligence
Trans-ceiver
Trans-ceiver
Dependable Wireless M2M communications for controlling needs intelligence to understand the aim and the meaning of the application between Source and Destination.
Application
Let pay attention to machine to machine communication, which is booming now. In this case, the intelligences of the source and destination become lower than those of the components of communication system, so they can get to understand the meaning of the application between them. I believe this is the essence of M2M communications.
Cognitive Radio or Beyond Cognitive Radio
Ryuji Kohno(YNU/CWC-Nippon) )
Slide 13

14. Necessary Technical Requirements
July 2016
Necessary Technical Requirements
After defining dependability in network, we need to find reasonable technologies to satisfy requirements.
Application Layers:
Information Security: Encryption and Authentication
Network Layers:
Redundant Routing: Parallel, Relay or Multi-hop
Network Coding
Date Link & MAC Layers:
Non-opportunistic and reliable, secure MAC protocols
Physical Layers:
Diversity technologies in time, frequency and space domains
Channel coding for error-controlling, Hybrid ARQ, Space-Time Coding etc.
Modulation Schemes; Multi-Carrier, Single Carrier
Slide 14
Ryuji Kohno(YNU/CWC-Nippon) )

15. PHY Technologies for Enhanced Dependability
July 2016
PHY Technologies for Enhanced Dependability
1. Spread Spectrum (CDMA, Radar)
2. Adaptive Array Antenna(Smart Antenna, MIMO, Space-Time Coding, Collaborating Beamforming)
3. Diversity (Space, Time, and Frequency Domains)
4. Multi-band, Multi-Carrier(OFDM), Multi-Code
5.Coding(Turbo Coding and Decoding, LDPC, Space-Time Coding, Network Coding )
6. Software Reconfigurable Radio（SDR:Software Defined Radio), E2R(End-to-End Configurability),
7. Cognitive Radio & Network
8. Ultra Wide Band (UWB) Radio
9. Collaborative Communications and Sensing
10. Physical Layer Security
Ryuji Kohno(YNU/CWC-Nippon) )
Slide 15

16. Higher Layers Technologies for Enhanced Dependability
July 2016
Higher Layers Technologies for Enhanced Dependability
1. Contention Free Protocol in MAC (TDMA, Polling, Hybrid CFP & CAP etc.) 2. ARQ and Hybrid ARQ in Data Link (Type I, II) combination of transmission and storage(buffering) 3. Parallel Routing (Risk Diversity) and Network Coding in network architecture 4. Fault Tolerant Network (Redundant Link and Parallel Hopping) and Cognitive Networking 5. Encryption and Authentication in Application Layer (AES, Camellia, Secret Sharing)
Ryuji Kohno(YNU/CWC-Nippon) )
Slide 16

17. Dependable Wireless with Less Power Consumption & Robustness
July 2016
Cross Layer & Multi-Layer Optimization for Enhanced Dependability in Wireless Links
Joint Optimization of Multi Layers
Dependable Wireless with
Less Power Consumption & Robustness
Application Layer： Information Security(Encryption and Authentication, User Friendly Interface ・・・
Network Layer： Integrated Wired & Wireless Network Architecture, Network Security(IP SEC) ・・・
Data Link & MAC Layer： Priority Access Control, Fault Tolerant Routing, ARQ, Hybrid ARQ, Distributed Resource Management, ・・・
Physical Layer: Cognitive, Reconfigurable, Adaptive, Robust Radio, Error-Controlling Coding, Space-Time Diversity, Equalization, Coded Modulation, ・・・
Device/ Electronics Layer: Tamper Free Hardware, Robust Packaging, SoC, SOP, On-chip CODEC for channel Coding and Encryption・・
Ryuji Kohno(YNU/CWC-Nippon) )
Slide 17

18. July 2016
Remarks
Technical requirement for enhanced dependability in wireless links should be reasonably available in implementing hardware and software of this standard.
To guarantee enhanced dependability, technologies in multiple layers should be jointly optimized while commonality between communication and controlling theories could be taken into account for machine centric communications such as M2M applications.
Feasibility of implementing this standard should be confirmed by available technologies.
Ryuji Kohno(YNU/CWC-Nippon) )