1. MGMT 203 Aerodynamics from a Management Standpoint
Module 2

2. THIS DAY IN AVIATION August 30
1913 — American inventor Lawrence B. Sperry successfully demonstrates the first gyroscopic automatic stabilizing device for powered airplanes when Lt. Patrick N. L. Bellinger pilots a United States Navy flying boat designated “C- 2” and relinquishes full control to the autopilot.

3. THIS DAY IN AVIATION August 30
1933 -Air France, France's national airline, is formed.

4. THIS DAY IN AVIATION August 30
1960 — The USAF's first “Atlas” intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) squadron became fully operational.

5. Questions / Comments

6. Management of Aeronautical Science
Learning Objectives – Module 2 (8/29/16 – 9/11/16) Aerodynamics from a Management Standpoint
Upon successful completion of this module, you will be able to:
Locate the major components of an aircraft.
Demonstrate the two physics principles that affect flight – Newton’s Laws of Motion and Force and Bernoulli’s Principle of Pressure.
Describe how the four forces influence aircraft stability and flight maneuvers.
Monday

7. Management of Aeronautical Science
Learning Objectives – Module 2 (8/29/16 – 9/11/16) Aerodynamics from a Management Standpoint
Upon successful completion of this module, you will be able to:
Develop a working knowledge of aerodynamic terms.
Describe the aircraft design and certification requirements.
Examine Airworthiness Requirements (14 CFR), Type Certification Data Sheets, Airworthiness Directives, and Advisory Circulars
Explore management considerations such as the Minimum Equipment List (MEL), Deferred Maintenance Items (DMIs), and other management considerations.
Explore the methods used by management to improve fuel efficiency of aircraft.
Tuesday
Wednesday

8. Questions / Comments

10. Discussion: Aerodynamics for Managers: Wed Sep 7

11. Module 2 Review Questions (Due Fri Sep 9)
Spend quality time responding to the following questions in your own words.
1. In managing your flying business, a key requirement is to develop an aircraft use policy. Describe what an aircraft use policy is and what should be included.
2. You are tasked by your CEO to perform an analysis for purchasing a used aircraft. What FAA document will provide the specifications or data on the aircraft and was a result of the aircraft airworthiness certificate? What specifically would this data sheet provide?
3. Describe the substructural members of the semi-monologue fuselage.
4. Describe the four aerodynamic forces acting on an aircraft in flight. What is equilibrium?
5. Describe what a Minimum Equipment List (MEL) is, when can an aircraft not depart a station, and name the four columns associated with the MEL document.
6. The CEO stated she wants a review of the 14 CFR parts for Airworthiness Standards for fixed wing aircraft, engines, and propellers. Please provide a list of those standards as a starting outline for a maintenance policy and procedures book.

12. Assignments Due – Module 2 (8/29/16 – 9/11/16)
Management of Aeronautical Science
Assignments Due – Module 2 (8/29/16 – 9/11/16)
Review Module 2 Instructions for the following assignments:
Discussion Board Due (Aerodynamics for Managers)
(Due - Wed Sep 7) – 2 part (Post and Respond)
Review Questions – Aerodynamics from a Management Standpoint
(Due - Fri Sep 9) – 6 Questions

13. September 2016 28 29 30 31 1 2 3 4 5 HOLIDAY Labor Day 6 7 8 9 10 11
Sunday
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Saturday 28 29
Module 2 Intro
Aircraft Components 30
Module 2
Aircraft Design and Certification 31
MEL and DMI
Progress Reports Due 1
Beaufort County Airport (ILT) 2
Flightline Friday
Progress Reports Sent Home 3 4 5
HOLIDAY
Labor Day 6 7
Discussion Due 8 9
Review Questions Due 10 11 12
Module 3
Propulsion and Aircraft Performance 13 14 15 16
Flightline 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

14. Questions / Comments

15. MGMT 203 Aerodynamics from a Management Standpoint
Module 2

16. Newton’s Laws of Motion
Principle of Inertia
Force = Mass times Acceleration
Formula: F=MA
Action and Reaction
Wing
Turbine engine
Propeller

17. Bernoulli's Principle Pressure varies inversely with velocity
High velocity low pressure
Consider fluids in motion
Examples
Carburetor venturi
Fuel tank eductors

18. Bernoulli's Principle

19. Five Major Stresses on an Aircraft
 Tension
Stress that resists a force that tends to pull it apart.
Pulling
Compression
Resists a crushing force
Tends to shorten or squeeze parts
Pushing
Torsion
Stress that produces twisting
Torsional strength of a material is its resistance to twisting or torque.
Shear
Cutting or slicing
Bending
The combination stress
Tension

20. Five Major Stresses on an Aircraft

21. Design Stringent requirements of 14 CFR and design specifications.
Objectives
Safety and fail-safe design
Achieve lightest weight but have highest strength
Employ advanced materials and construction techniques
Composite materials
Know material limitations
Use concurrent engineering (engineering and manufacturing working together).

22. Design
Objectives
Configuration management (Parts fit first time every time)
Maintenance accessibility
Reduction of costs
Time or delivery requirements
Design testing and operational testing

23. Design
Computer aided design (CAD) and computer aided manufacturing (CAM).
The design service life based on
Total flight time
Calendar time
Cycles
Total number of landings, engine starts, etc.
Note: Maintenance procedures are developed from these three requirements above.

24. Certification Requirements
14 CFR Part 21 Certification Procedures for Parts and Products.
Type Certificate
Issued by FAA for
Aircraft
Engine
Propeller
Foundation for all certification
Production Certificate
Issued to the manufacturer by FAA
Must duplicate the design of the prototype aircraft
Must have a complete quality program
FAA conducts audits and reviews
Airworthiness Certificate
Each aircraft off the production line receives one.
Formal acknowledgment stating conforms to a type certificate and is safe for commercial use.
Valid as long as the aircraft is maintained in accordance with the CFRs.

25. Supplemental Type Certificates (STC)
14 CFR 21
Issued by the FAA
Provides a way in which an aircraft may deviate from the original type certificate.
Applicant must show sufficient proof that the alteration meets airworthiness requirements.
When issued
Holder may alter aircraft to meet the specifications of the certificate.
Offer kits for the modification, or
Offer the plans and use of the STC as approved data.
Published in the Summary of Supplemental Type Certificates.
Example is a winglet modification or cargo aircraft modifications.

26. Airworthiness Requirements (14 CFR)
14 CFR Part 23 Airworthiness Standards: Normal, Utility, and Acrobatic, and Commuter Category Airplanes.
14 CFR Part 25 Airworthiness Standards: Transport Category Airplanes.
14 CFR Part 26 Continued Airworthiness and Safety Improvements for Transport Category Airplanes.
14 CFR Part 27 Airworthiness Standards: Normal Category Rotorcraft.
14 CFR Part 29 Airworthiness Standards: Transport Category Rotorcraft.

27. Airworthiness Requirements (14 CFR)
14 CFR Part 33 Airworthiness Standards: Aircraft Engines.
14 CFR Part 35 Airworthiness Standards: Propellers
Note: The CFR parts have flow down requirements.
14 CFR Part 25 makes reference to 14 CFR Part 23 on certain requirements.
Other parts have factors of design.
For example 14 CFR Part 121 Operating Requirements: Domestic, Flag, and Supplemental Operations (airlines).

28. Type Certification Data Sheet (TCDS)
Contains many requirements, such as operational limitations, weight and balance, CG range, engine type and limitations, design considerations, and propeller type, etc.
Note: flight and maintenance manuals contain this information also
Any deviation from the TCDS may be considered a major alteration.

29. Type Certification Data Sheets (TCDS)
FAA Type Certification Data Sheets can be found at
On the website page,
Go to By Product type.
Type in the search box the aircraft type.
The 777
Select the aircraft.
On next page click on the TCDS number then click on pdf link.

30. Airworthiness Directives (AD)
14 CFR Part 39: Airworthiness Directives
Issued when an unsafe condition exist.
Shows an approved way of correcting an unsafe condition.
Issued after an approved type certificate was issued.
ADs are divided into 2 categories
Immediate or Emergency
Unsafe conditions
Short compliance times
Less urgent or Routine
AD number
Compliance dates of ADs
One time
Recurring or repetitive
Usually inspections

31. Airworthiness Directives (AD)
FAA AD data base
Can search by make or model or AD number.

32. Advisory Circulars (AC)
FAA
Advisory material for acceptable practices on complying with the regulations.
Provide instructions on how to implement a regulation.
First number is the CFR Part and next number is sequenced.
14 CFR Part 61 Certification: Pilots, Flight Instructors, and Ground Instructors.
AC E Certification: Pilots and Flight and Ground Instructors.

33. Advisory Circulars (AC)
Other interesting Advisory Circulars.
AC 39-7D Airworthiness Directives
AC Certification of a Repairman (General)
AC 141A Pilot Schools
You may find Advisory Circulars on the following FAA Advisory Circulars website.

34. Questions / Comments