1. Biology I Periodic Table (Classes of Elements)
3.00_Chemistry of Biology
Biology I Periodic Table (Classes of Elements)
Slides 45-68

2. 3 Classes of Elements
Using this as a guide, color code your periodic table to show the three classes. Start by highlighting the “zig-zag.”
Class
Color
Metal
Non-Metal
Metalloid

3. What metal is not a solid
Metals
Location
Found on the left of the zigzag line/staircase on the periodic table (exception  Hydrogen) Chemical Properties
Have few electrons in their outer energy level, thus lose electrons easily Physical Properties
ductile, good conductors, malleable, shiny, most are room temperature 79 Au 11 Na
22.990
Image taken from:
What metal is not a solid
@ room temperature?

4. Atoms with Few Electrons in their Outer Energy Level
Metals
Atoms with Few Electrons in their Outer Energy Level 11 Na
22.990
Notice: only 1 electron in outer level + - + - 4 Be
9.012
Notice: only 2 electrons in outer level

5. Alkali Metals Very reactive metals that do not occur freely in nature
Malleable, ductile, good conductors of heat and electricity.
Softer than most other metals
Can explode if they are exposed to water

6. Alkali Earth Metals
Metals
Very reactive
Not found free in nature

7. Transition Metals
Transition Metals have slightly different rules for shells and valence electrons. This is something you will learn about in High School Chemistry.
For now, assume they each have two valence electrons.

8. Transition Metals
Ductile and malleable, and conduct electricity and heat
Iron, cobalt, and nickel, are the only elements known to produce a magnetic field.

9. Rare Earth Elements
Many are man-made

10. Other Metals Are ductile and malleable
Are solid, have a relatively high density, and are opaque

11. Metalloids
Location
Border the zigzag line/staircase on the periodic table
Chemical Properties
Most atoms have ½ (≈) complete set of electrons in outer level
Physical Properties
Have properties of both metals and non-metals 14 Si
28.086
Image taken from: 5 B
10.811
Image taken from:

12. Atoms with ½ (≈) Complete Outer Energy Level
Metalloids
Atoms with ½ (≈) Complete Outer Energy Level
                    + -
Notice: only 4 electrons in outer level 5 B
10.811 + -
Notice: only 3 electrons in outer level 14 Si
28.086

13. Metalloids Have properties of both metals and non-metals
Some of the metalloids, such as silicon and germanium, are semi-conductors. This means that they can carry an electrical charge under special conditions. This property makes metalloids useful in computers and calculators

14. Non-Metals
Location
Most found to the right of the zigzag line/staircase on the periodic table
Chemical Properties
Most have almost full outer energy levels, thus they tend to gain electrons; some have completely full outer level
Physical Properties
Not ductile or malleable, not shiny, poor conductors, most are solid, but some are gas at room temperature 17 Cl
35.453
Image taken from: 16 S
32.066
Image taken from:

15. Atoms with Full or Almost Full Outer Energy Level
Non-Metals
Atoms with Full or Almost Full Outer Energy Level + - 8 O
15.999
    + -
Notice: 2 electrons in outer level – FULL 2 He
4.003 + -
Notice: 6 electrons in outer level – almost full
Notice: 7 electrons in outer level – almost full 9 F
18.998

16. Non-Metals Not able to conduct electricity or heat very well
Very brittle, and cannot be rolled into wires or pounded into sheets
Exist in two of the three states of matter at room temperature: gases (such as oxygen) and solids (such as carbon).
Have no metallic luster, and do not reflect light.

17. Halogens
"Halogen" means "salt-former" and compounds containing halogens are called "salts"
Exist in all three states of matter:
Solid- Iodine, Astatine
Liquid- Bromine
Gas- Fluorine, Chlorine

18. Noble Gases
Do not form compounds easily

19. 19

20. Periodic Table of the Elements

21. Periodic Table of the Elements
Horizontal rows are called periods.
Vertical columns are called groups

22. Periodic Table of the Elements