1. (National Institute of Aeronautics and Space Republic of Indonesia)
Some Examples of Research Results and Activities Related to Forest Fires in Indonesia
Agus Hidayat
(National Institute of Aeronautics and Space Republic of Indonesia)

2. BACKGROUND
In Indonesia forest fire seems to be a regular phenomenon that could happen every year
The 1997 fire episode was the most serious forest fires in the last 15 years.
Official government figures put the 1997 forest fires in Indonesia at 263, hectares and land fires at 119,878 hectares.
Comparison : In , an estimated 3.5 million hectares of forest in East Kalimantan were damage by drought and subsequent fires.

3. Reasearch & Activities:
Forest Fire Prevention : drought monitoring using Vegetation Index, Fire Danger Rating System (FDRS)
Forest Fire Detection and Monitoring : Hot Spots Detection and Monitoring (using low resolution satellite data), fire detection and monitoring using high resulution data.

4. Calculating Vegetation Index
Collect daily NOAA-AVHRR data (Channel 1 and 2);
Perform radiometric correction;
Perform geometric correction;
Calculate NDVI = (Ch2-Ch1) / (Ch1+Ch2);
Perform data classification;
Data analysis.

5. Vegetation Index Image

9. HOT SPOTS DETECTION Collect NOAA-AVHRR Data, Channel 3 and 4;
Perform data calibration by calculating Gain and Intercept;
Calculate the radiance of each pixel for channel 3 and 4 data;
Convert the radiance values into brightness temperature;
Tb3-Tb4 > 20o  Hot Spots/Fires Spots (based on LAPAN ground check experience);
Perform geometric correction;
Display hotspots and their coordinates.

12. Hot Spots Statistics in Sumatra
April March 1998
April March 1999
April March 2000
April March 2001

13. Hot Spots Statistics in Kalimantan
April March 1998
April March 1999
April March 2001
April March 2000

14. Forest Fire Detection and Monitoring Using Landsat TM : East Kalimantan
16 DEC 97
17 JAN 98
02 FEB 98
06 MAR 98

15. Landsat 5 Image: Burning Area in Central Kalimantan (1997)

17. FIRE HAZARD MAPPING
Fire hazard mapping could be performed through the establishment of GIS Database