1. Bell Quiz # 1 Reflection 8, 9, and 10
Birth Defects
Bell Quiz # 1
Reflection 8, 9, and 10

2. IF we can get the baby born healthy…90% of the parents battle is over.

3. 6 Birth Defect Environment
1. An abnormality of structure, function, or body metabolism which often results in a physical or mental handicap, a shorter life span, or is fatal is……
Birth Defect
Environment
2. Heredity accounts for 20%, ___________ accounts for 20%, and a combination of both accounts for 60%
3. The first weeks of prenatal development is the most sensitive period for both birth defects to an unborn baby. 6

4. Methods of Inheritance or classification
4. The fertilized egg cell, which contains chromosomes in an abnormal number, structure/shape, or arrangement is a Chromosomal Error
5. Reduced or missing blood component, or an inability to do its full share of the work is a Blood Disorder
6. A condition that is present at birth where part of the body might be missing, misshapen, or duplicated is called a congenital malformation

5. 7. Factors, mainly environmental, that cause damage to the fetus's before or during birth like infections, chemical substances, complications, and natural disorders of abnormalities is a Perinatal Damage.
8. Disease of the body chemistry that causes the inability of cells to produce necessary substances like enzymes or proteins to carry substances from one place to another is called a Metabolic Defect.
9. When an X chromosome from mom is faulty, there is a 50/50 chance of the child inheriting the disorder. This is known as Sex-X Linked
10. The interaction of many genes with other genes or with environmental factors is called Multifactorial.

6. Related Terms to know
11. A person that carries and passes on a disease or condition without having it him/herself is a Carrier 12. When one parent is a carrier for a disorder or trait they have a 50% chance of passing it on to the child is known as Dominate 13. Both parents are carriers of the disorder or trait so there is a 25% chance of the child inheriting abnormal gens and having the disorder, a 25% chance of receiving normal genes, and a 50% chance of just being a carrier is known as Recessive genes.

7. Maternal and paternal factors that influence birth defects
14. Name and explain 5 of the maternal (mothers fault) factors that influence a baby having a birth defect….. Age, # of kids, spacing from prior pregnancy, ethnicity, weight, health, diet, medical, immunizations.
15. Name and explain 3 paternal (fathers fault) factors that influence birth defects. Diet, habit, lifestyle, attitude, genetics, medical history.
16. Women have all of the eggs/ova needed to create a child before they themselves are even born.
17. Men create new sperm about every 72 hours
18. Sperm can become mutated due to the fathers environment, heredity or a combination of both but even damaged sperm can fertilize an egg and create a child.
19. Men should follow ALL guidelines given to a woman to prevent birth defects if they are sexually active.

8. Environmental or lifestyle factors that can cause birth defects
20. List these factors
STD’s, Street Drugs, Medication, Alcohol, Radiation, Exercise, Stress, Caffeine, Lifestyle, attitude
21. Of all of the environment and lifestyle factors presented, which are preventable? Or Which would be considered your fault?
Nutrition, substance abuse, STD’s, immunizations, parasites, radiation.

9. Medical care to prevent and or detect birth defects
22. What form of medical care helps couples to understand their genic codes and how they might affect their children? Genetic counseling
23. Amniocentesis is a test performed during pregnancy where a small amount of amniotic fluid is drawn out and examined to detect chromosomal abnormalities.
24. Ultrasounds are high frequency sound waves to help locate the position, size, and structure of the fetus, and placenta in the womb.
25. A pregnant woman should go to 13 prenatal checks ups before the baby is born. This begins by week 13 of her pregnancy to ensure a higher percentage of a healthy pregnancy.
26. A miscarriage is natures way of expelling a baby incapable of surviving.
27. List 5 actions on your own that you will take to prevent birth defects from happening to your future children.