1. KERATITIS

2. Keratitis
Inflammation of cornea characterized by moderate to intense pain and impaired vision

3. Types
Superficial keratitis – involves the superficial layers of the cornea and not generally leave a scar
Deep keratitis – deeper layers of the cornea (bowman’s membrane and other deep layers) and leave a scar that impairs vision

4. Causes Based on pathogens Amoebic keratitis –
Usually affecting contact lens wearers
Caused by acanthamoeba (acanthamoeba keratitis)

5. Bacterial keratitis – staphylococcus aureus, pseudomonas aeruginosa
Fungal keratitis – aspergillus
Viral keratitis - HSV
Dendritic keratitis or herpes simplex keratitis – usually leaves a dendritic ulcer
Herpes zoster keratitis – herpes zoster virus

6. Exposure keratitis – due to dryness of the cornea caused by incomplete or inadequate eyelid closure (in exophthalmos or masses inside the globe)
Photokeratitis – keratitis due to intense ultraviolet radiation exposure

7. Signs and symptoms Pain Tearing Redness and blurring of vision
The pain may be mild to severe, depending on the cause and extent of the inflammation
Sensitivity to light may also be present

8. Management Antibacterial therapy
Topical antibiotics, subconjunctival antibiotic injection or in severe cases – IV antibiotics
Sub conjunctival injection – 25 G needle and 2 ml syringe.

9. Antiviral therapy – topical acyclovir
analgesics for pain
Corticosteroids to reduce inflammation
Antifungal therapy
Natamycin – antifungal eye drop is the only treatment for acanthamoeba keratitis. Because all other drugs are resistant to acanthamoeba
If that treatment fails – keratoplasty

10. Nursing management for eye inflammations and infections
Assessment -Assess ocular changes –
Edema
Redness
Decreasing visual acuity,
Feeling of foreign body
Discomforts

11. Nursing diagnosis
Acute pain related to irritation or infection of the eye
Anxiety related to outcome of treatment
Disturbed sensory perception (visual) related to diminished vision
Knowledge deficit

12. Interventions Health promotion Aseptic technique
Frequent thorough hand washing – to avoid spreading
Dispose contaminated dressings
If the patient is having any STD’s, they are more risky

13. Apply warm or cool compresses if indicated
Darkening the room and providing appropriate analgesic – comfort measures
If the patient receives one or more eye drops – proper spacing should be given in between dosages – help and promote maximum absorption

14. Teach family regarding the safety measures and medication techniques
Do not share eye cosmetics
Do not share contact lens
Clean the contact lens properly and store it in a closed container.