1. Neuroscience: The Biology of Behavior
Chapter 3
Neuroscience: The Biology of Behavior

2. Figure 03.F01: Neurons are the basic cell of the nervous system.
© Sebastian Kaulitzki/ShutterStock, Inc.

3. Figure 03.F02: Neurons come in many shapes, sizes, and configurations.

4. Figure 03.F03: The synapse is the junction between two neurons.

5. Figure 03.F04: Neurons don't touch, instead they communicate through synaptic transmission.

6. Figure 03.F05: The action potential will determine if a neuron will fire.

7. Figure 03.F06: Resting potential

8. Figure 03.F07: The number of synaptic connections declines significantly, but this synpatic pruining leads to more efficient processing.
Data from Abitz, M., Nielsen, R. D., Jones, E. G., Laursen, H., Graem, N., & Pakkenberg, B. (2007). Excess of neurons in the human newborn mediodorsal thalamus compared with that of the adult. Cerebral Cortex, 17 (11), 2573–2578. doi: /cercor/bhl163

9. Figure 03.F08: The nervous system consists of a central (red) and peripheral (blue) nervous system.

10. Figure 03.F09: The sympathetic nervous system gets us ready to fight, freeze or flee, while the peripheral nervous system calms us down.

11. Figure 03.F10: Phineas Gage suffered an accident that damaged much of his frontal lobe.
© AP Photos

12. Figure 03.F11: EEGs produce distinctive patterns that can be analyzed.
© xpixel/ShutterStock, Inc.

13. Figure 03.F12: Images from a PET scan show areas of greater brain activity in red, moderate in yellow, and low in blue.
© Science Source/Photo Researchers, Inc.

14. Figure 03.F13: Neuroscientists can analyze MRIs to determine information about brain structures.
© Konstantin Sutyagin/ShutterStock, Inc.

15. Figure 03.F14: Hindbrain structures support vital bodily processes.

16. Figure 03.F15: Structures of the forebrain.

17. Figure 03.F16: The limbic system is a group of structures that surround the brainstem.

18. Figure 03.F17: Lobes of the cerebral cortex.

19. Figure 03.F18: A photograph of the brain showing the cerebral hemisphere (purple) and the corpus callosum (green).
© Martin M. Rotker/Photo Researchers, Inc.

20. Figure 03.F19: Lateralization of function suggests hemispheric specialties.

21. Figure 03.F20: An example of a split brain experiment.

22. Figure 03.F21: Structures of the endocrine system.

23. Figure 03.F22: Basic genetic structures include DNA, chromosomes, and genes.

24. Figure 03.F23: Heritability of human intelligence
Data from Devlin, B., Daniels, M., & Roeder, K. (1994). The heritability of IQ. Genetics, 137, 597–606.

25. Figure 03.F24: Heritability estimates for personality traits.
Data from Plomin, R. (1999). IQ and human intelligence. American Journal of Human Genetics, 65 (5), 1476–1477.

26. Figure 03.F25: Monozygotic twins come from one egg, while dizygotic twins come from two.

27. Figure 03.VOA
© alxhar/ShutterStock, Inc.

28. Figure 03.VOB
© Monkik/ShutterStock, Inc.

29. Figure 03.VOC
© Monkik/ShutterStock, Inc.

30. Table 03.T01: Neurotransmitters and Their Functions

31. Table 03.T02: What Neuroscientists Study
Adapted from Neuroscience For Kids by Eric H. Chudler,