2. The Roman World Takes Shape
Chapter 5 Section 1

4. Romans Settle Italy Italy much easier to unify than Greece
The city on seven hills (Rome)
Legend has it: Twin brothers- Romulus and Remus- founded the city of Rome
Etruscans lived North of Rome
Romans learned much from the Etruscans

6. Rome Establishes a Republic
Senators: Patricians; served for life and made laws for Rome
Consuls: Patricians; elected by Senate to supervise the running of Rome
Dictators: Patricians; elected by Senate on occasions of war
Tribunes: Plebeians; elected by Plebeians to guard the interest of Plebeians
Citizen-soldiers: Citizens; served in the Roman army

7. Characterizing Roman Society
Family was basic unit- male head of household; ideal woman was loving, dignified, and strong
Women played a larger role in society than did Greek women

8. Characterizing Roman Society Con’t
Both boys/girls from upper/lower class learned to read/write
Rhetoric was important for boys who wanted to pursue political careers
Romans were polytheistic- many gods were adopted from Greece
Zeus (Most powerful); Jupiter; Juno

9. Roman Republic Grows
Roman political/social systems evolved at home- armies expanded this power across Italy
Used basic military unit- legion
Volunteer basis and provided your own weapon
Eventually was paid- most income came from spoils of war
Roman commanders mixed rewards with harsh punishment

10. Roman Republic Grows Con’t
Generally treated conquered lands with justice
Had to acknowledge Roman leadership, pay taxes, and supply soldiers for the Roman army
In return Rome let them keep their own customs, money, and local governments
To a privileged few, Rome gave full citizenship/ others partial citizenship
Most conquered lands stayed loyal to Rome

11. From republic to Empire
Chapter 5 Section 2

12. Julius Caesar Caesar and Pompey dominated politics
Caesar set out with private army to conquer new lands (Gaul)
Fearful of Caesar’s power- Pompey convinced Senate to disband Caesar’s army
Caesar secretly marched into Rome and crushed Pompey and his followers
Then continued on his quest of conquering more land
Upon his return to Rome, he forced the Senate to make him dictator

13. Julius Caesar Con’t Pushed through many reforms
Program of public works
Reorganized government and gave more citizenship
Introduced a new calendar (became our calendar today)
Enemies were fearful of his power so they stabbed him to death

14. His death plunged Rome into new civil wars
Mark Antony and Octavian joined forces to find Caesar’s murders
Led to a dispute between the two
Octavian defeated Anthony and his ally Queen Cleopatra of Egypt
Octavian changed his name to Augustus- “Exalted One”
Avoided calling himself king- but did name a successor as a king would do
Began the Age of the Roman Empire

15. Roman Empire Augustus laid the foundation for a stable government
Left senate in place and created an efficient civil service
High level jobs open to men of talent, not based on class
Allowed self-government to outlying cities and providences
Also made economic reforms:
Ordered a census to make taxes more fair
Set up postal service
Issued new coins to make trade easier