1. Operation Data Analysis Hints and Guidelines
EGN Enterprise Systems Collaboration
MSEM, Professional Fall, 2013

2. Tools to Analyze Data
Tools to analyze data range from simple to complex
Reports and graphs
Advanced statistics forecasting models
Advanced optimization models and tools
Having the right people matters
Having data modeling 2

3. A Large Quantity of Quality Data
All analytic methods feeds on data – in large quantity and good quality
Having good data can be turned into a competitive advantage
Integrated organizations have a lot of data available, they must learn to exploit it 3

4. Interpreting Data
Skills are required to create appropriate graphs, reports, and statistical analysis
Skills are required to interpret correctly graphs, reports and statistics
Skills are required to make the appropriate decisions from the analytics 4

5. Using Queries to Analyze Data
A primary key is an attribute, or a combination of attributes, that identify in a unique way each row in a table. A primary key has to always contain a value; that is to say, it cannot be empty
A foreign key is an attribute of a table (that can be composed) that is a primary key of the table to which is linked.
There is an important concept associated with a foreign key: referential integrity. We say that a relation has referential integrity if all the values of a foreign key attribute in a table exist in the table where this attribute is a primary key. 5

6. Using Queries to Analyze Data6

7. Using Queries to Analyze Data
A logical data model of a 1 to N relationship 7

8. Using Queries to Analyze Data
A logical data model of an N to N relationship 8

9. Using Queries to Analyze Data
A logical data model of a relational database 9

10. Using Queries to Analyze Data10

11. Using Queries to Analyze Data
Metadata of a relational database
Metadata (from the Greek "meta" "after, beyond, with" and the Latin word "data" "information") is data about data.
Metadata is used to describe or describe another data. In a database, the metadata correspond to the information about the data in the fields of the tables. They define the shell containing the data. Thus, prior to populate a database of its content, it is important to create the shell or envelope that will contain and describe the data of the database.
In practice, metadata describes the list of tables, the list of attributes, the format (or data types) of the attributes, the restrictions on the data, the consistency rules to apply (e.g., referential integrity and mandatory field rules), the type of relations and joins between tables etc. 11

12. Using Queries to Analyze Data12

13. Using Queries to Analyze Data
Queries contain 2 basic elements:
Key Figures, KPI
Dimensions.
Margins as a function of time
Sales by country 13

14. An Example
Dimensions
Dimensions
Measures
At the heart of a 14

15. Elements of an Info Cube
Key figures
Dimensions 15

16. Types of Measures
Additive : it makes sense to sum the measures across all dimensions
Quantity sold across Region, Store, Salesperson, Date, Product …
semi additive : additive only across certain dimensions
Quantity on hand is not additive over Date, but it is additive across Store and Product
non additive : cannot be summed across any dimensions
A ratio, a percentage
A measure that is non additive on one dimension may be the object of other data aggregations
Average, Min, Max of quantities on hand over time 16

17. How DW Differs from a Transactional DB?
Characteristic DB DW
Operation
Real-time, transactional
Decision support, strategic analysis
Model
Entity-Relationship
Star Schema
Redundant data
Designed to avoid
Permitted
Data
Raw data, current
Aggregated, Historical data,
# of users
Many
Few
Update
Immediate
Deferred
Calculated fields
None stored
Many stored
Mental model
Tabular
Hypercube
Queries
Simple, some saved
Complex, many saved
Operations
Read / Write
Read Only
Size
Go (Gigabytes)
To(Terabytes)
In data warehousing and business intelligence (BI), a star schema is the simplest form of a dimensional model, in which data is organized into facts and dimensions.  A fact is an event that is counted or measured, such as a sale or login.  A dimension contains reference information about the fact, such as date, product, or customer. A star schema is diagramed by surrounding each fact with its associated dimensions. The resulting diagram resembles a star. 17

18. Exploring Data

19. Plant A: An overview 19

20. Plant B : an Overview 20

21. Plant C an Overview 21

22. Trying to Maintain Stocks for All Products22

23. Large Variations in Sales per Step23

24. Manipulating Graphs

25. Key Figure or KPI Y-dimension25

26. Graph type: Scattered Bars26

27. Graph Type: Scattered Lines27

28. Graph Type: Lines 28

29. Graph Type: 3D Bars 29 29

30. BI Questions

31. BI Question 1 Current assets include
(i) cash
(ii) receivables
(iii) raw material inventory (for mfg game)
(iv) finished product inventory
How well have the teams performed in managing the current assets over time?
Hint: Use the financial data 31 31

32. BI Question 2
Did the winning team bring their highest margin product to market first?
Did they charge a price premium while they were first to market?
Can you see the impact of a competitor entering the market?
Hint: Use the operational data 32 32

33. BI Question 3
One objective of materials management is to make sure that raw materials are available for production when needed
Which company has managed this process well as shown by having the largest variety of products in stock?
Hint: Use inventory data by products over time 33 33

34. BI Question 4
Companies may have different strategies for production management
Some may prefer long productions to minimize setup losses, while others may prefer shorter runs to respond more quickly to market opportunities
Can you determine what strategies were used by each team?
Where there any production disruptions?
Hint: Use production data over time and products. Filter for each individual company. 34 34

35. BI Question 5 Companies want to maximize sales
If sales are too high, the price may be too low, and vice versa
Can you tell sales is affected by prices? 35 35

36. BI Question 6
Who owns the market (as measured by market share) for each product?
Hint: Use sales data filtered by product with drilldown across plant
Use a stacked area chart 36 36