1. A Journey from Analog to the Digital world

2. How old is Communications….
By Foot
Pigeons
Smoke Signals
Water Channels
Horses
Rail
Postal System
Telephone
Data Communications

3. By Foot

4. Pigeons
NO HACKING

5. Smoke Signals

6. Water Channels

7. Horses

8. Rail

9. Postal System

10. Telephone

12. DIGITAL EXCHANGE

14. Data Communications
Analogue or Digital

15. Information Age First Industrial Revolution Introduction of machinery
Changed the way people worked
Second Industrial Revolution – Information Age
Introduction of computers
Introduction of networking and data communication
Faster communication  Collapsing Information lag
Brought people together  Globalization

16. Collapsing Information Lag
sped up the rate of transmission of information,
Electronic communications
telegraph
1900
1950
2004-Til Date
1850
Information took days or weeks to be transmitted
Information transmitted in minutes or hours
huge quantities of information transmitted in a fraction of a second.
growth of telecommunications and especially computer networks
globalization phenomenon (WWW)

17. Broadband Communications
Datacom Basics
Telecommunications
transmission of voice, video, data,
imply longer distances
- broader term
Data Communications
movement of computer information by means of electrical or optical transmission systems
convergence
Broadband Communications

18. Network Types (based on Scale)
Local Area Networks (LANs) - room, building
a group of PCs that share a circuit.
Metropolitan Area Networks (MAN) - (< 10 kms)
connects LANs and BNs at different locations
Wide Area Networks (WANs) - (> 10 kms)

19. EXAMPLE OF A NETWORK SUN E450 Catalyst NMS 6506 Switch Redundant7 1 8
SUN E450
Catalyst
NMS
6506 Switch
Redundant
PIX Firewall
Distribution Router
Core
Router
E3 via Satellite (Concert)
E3 SMW3 (EMIX)
STM1 via SMW3 (Singtel)
E3 Satellite (Simplex)
BPX 8680
Karachi
E3 Link
Fast Ethernet
STM1 Link
Gigabit Ethernet
Legend:
ATM Switch
2xE3 (PDH) + 3xE1(SDH)
3xE3 (PDH) + 3xE1(SDH)
Lahore
Rawalpindi
BPX 8680
ATM Switch
BPX 8680
ATM Switch
Core
Router
2xE3
Distribution Router
Core Router
Distribution Router
Distribution
Router
Distribution Router
NMS S D H E W L T P A C K R u r e t o l a d 7 1 8
Existing Catalyst
SUN E450
Redundant
SUN E450
4003 Switch
PIX Firewall

20. Protocols

21. Traditional networks Services
Transport
& Access
Advantage: Beneficial as a standalone systems and solutions
Disadvantage:
High operational cost
Slow to deploy
Different devices are required for different services

22. Traditional PSTN Voice networks
Access n/w
Access n/w
Switches
PSTN designed for POTS, basic copper wire line voice service

23. Traditional Data networks
Frame Relay
ATM IP
Head Office
Branch Office
Virtual
Connections
Branch Office
Branch Office
Public Data Networks: Providing data/LAN Connectivity

24. Traditional Mobile networks
OMC
HLR
MSC
Fixed Network
VLR
BSC
GMSC
BTSs
Public Land Mobile Network:
Providing voice services to mobile
and Fixed networks

25. Traditional Internet network
Servers
Internet: Data services exclusively, packet switched network with some other services

26. Complicated Legacy Traditional Network
MSC2
MSC3
Slower deployment of new service
High CAPEX
MSC1
MSC4
MSC5
MSC6
MSC..
MSC7
MSC8
More complicated networking and construction
High OPEX
Need more investment on sites and accessories
Need more staff for O&M
Need more transmissions for inter-connecting
Need more time for service deployment and O&M
Too many sites!

27. Future Trends 1990 1995 2000 2005 Future Multi-service Multi-protocol
Simple
Integration
All in IP evolution
Circuit switching-〉packet switching-〉All IP

28. IP/MPLS Multi-Service Bearer
Legacy Networks & NGN
IP/MPLS Multi-Service Bearer
NGN Core Network
VIDEO
VOICE
DATA
Copper
Optical
PSTN
GSM/CDMA
Public Data network
CATV
SERVICE
ACCESS
VOICE
data
VIDEO
Wireless
Legacy Networks were dedicated and isolated networks with service specific signaling and routing for service connection
Limited Broadband and Multimedia services
High OPEX
High Service cost
Long Service provision time
Inefficient O&M
Too many sites, too many types of nodes
Outdated and aged Exchanges
NGN has a common IP core and provide nomadically accessible IP applications regardless of a specific access link or user device
Provide integrated services instead of limited service
Centralized management and simple network structure, reduce OPEX
OPEX Saving from reduction of transmission, room space, O&M center, etc.
Realize the fast and cost effective new service deployment.
• Pave the way to all-IP network

29. NGN Hierarchical Architecture
Service/Application Layer
Service Management
Control Layer
Network Control
Transport Layer
Core Switch
Edge Access
Media Access Layer

30. NGN Network Architecture
IAD
AMG
BroadBand
Access
UMG
PLMN/3G SG
TMG
PSTN
Packet Core Network
Soft Switch
iOSS
Policy
Server
Application
SCP
Location
RADIUS
MRS
Service Management
Network Control
Core Switching
Edge Access

31. Contrast between PSTN and NGN
Intelligent Service Server
Service Server
SoftSwitch
IP Core
CPU
Switching Array
Signaling
Module
Trunk Module
SS7
Signaling
Gateway
User
Access Module
Trunk
Gateway
User Access
Gateway