1. Translation, communication and text types
Do the text features influence translation strategies?

2. Translation and Communication
Translation is a case of communication, and it does not require a separate theoretical approach.
In order to understand the message we must interpret it first
First we identify what is most relevant
We apply the minimal processing effort

3. The relevance Theory and Translation
This means that the practical contribution of relevance theory to translation is comparable to that of, say, the science of chemistry to chemical engineering.. Just like an adequate understanding of the cause-effect relations at work in chemical processes is prerequisite to successful chemical engineering, the better the translator's understanding of the cause-effect relations that both enable and limit translation as an act of communication, the better s/he is equipped to find solutions at the translation desk that work. The aim is neither to describe or categorise translation as a text genre nor to prescribe standards or guidelines on how translation is to be done

4. Comparison Relevance Theory Translation Theory
General model oof communication
E. Gutt,Translation and relevance: Cognition and context. Manchester: St. Jerome Publishing (2nd edition) See also the paper on the website.
Particular strategies and solutions relevant to interlingual communication
For instance, TAPs, see Bernardini on the website.

5. Text function and text characteristics
J.L. Austin, How to do things with words?
K. Bühler’s language functions:
Informative
Expressive
Vocative
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6. Text functions
Informative – ‘plain’ style, topic foregrounded.
Expressive – elaborate style, sender foregrounded.
Vocative – to induce a receiver’s behaviour

7. Text types and functions – K. Reiss
Informative
reference book
report
play
tourist brochure sermon
electoral speech
advertisement
poem
Expressive Operative

8. Text type and translation
Informative
Expressive
Operative
Language
function
Representing facts
Expressing attitude
Making an appeal
Language dimension
Logical
Aesthetic
Dialogical
Text focus
Content focused
Form focused
Appellative focused
TT should
Transfer content
Transfer aesthetic form
Elicit desired response
Translation method
Plain prose, clarification
Adopt ST perspective
Equivalent effect

9. Text types and translatability – R.Salmon-Kovarsky
A. Highly specific texts
- informative
- high content of specialized vocabulary
-conventional form of expression
Translation possible to teach and learn by means of extensive practice

10. Text types and translatability – R.Salmon-Kovarsky
B. Literary texts
(a) written in ‘literary language’
- contain some information to be conveyed
- contain little or no specialized vocabulary
- contain high degree of conventional form and expression
(intertextuality/ imitation)
Translation difficult to teach and learn

11. Text types and translatability – R.Salmon
B. Literary texts
(b) written in the ‘language of literature’
- invention/estrangement effect
- stylistic complexity
- iinformation unimportant
- novelty value
(can be and often is imitated)
Translation nearly impossible to teach; each type a new strategy is required

12. Text types and translatability – R.Salmon-Kovarsky
C. Hybrid texts
Combination of A and B (more often B(b)
Translation difficult to teach and learn.

13. Text type - examples
“ My father
always said,
other apples ripen,
only
Coxes mature.”

14. Text type - examples Greg the Greek Crossed the creek
And in that creek he stuck a stick.
A quick, strict crawfish gripped the stick,
Stuck out his claw and
Tweaked the Greek

15. Text type - examples
This wine has intense ruby-red colour and the nose is packed with layers of cinnamon, caramel, candy and hints of mint with a prevalence of fruit over the American oak. This spicy full flavoured wine, with good body, fruit and firm tannins has an engaging and strong finish. Also recommended for short cellaring.

16. Text type - examples Dear Sir, News from Madrid, Spain.
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For your information and guidance we started our School of Translators and Interpreters back in Please, find enclosed detailed information of the various programmes that we offer. Most of them can be followed by , distance learning which operate quite successfully.