1. Inherited Auditory-Cortical Dysfunction in Twin Pairs Discordant for Schizophrenia 
Jyrki Ahveninen, Iiro P. Jääskeläinen, Daria Osipova, Matti O. Huttunen, Risto J. Ilmoniemi, Jaakko Kaprio, Jouko Lönnqvist, Marko Manninen, Satu Pakarinen, Sebastian Therman, Risto Näätänen, Tyrone D. Cannon 
Biological Psychiatry 
Volume 60, Issue 6, Pages (September 2006)
DOI: /j.biopsych
Copyright © 2006 Society of Biological Psychiatry Terms and Conditions

2. Figure 1
(A) Group-average auditory event-related potentials (ERP) to standard stimuli, analyzed with specific filters targeting P50 (left) and N100 (right). The figure shows that the P50 and N100 amplitudes are reduced in both schizophrenia patients and their co-twins in comparison with healthy control subjects. (B) Electroencephalographic (EEG) potential distributions at the P50 peak latency projected over a spherical model of the head in four representative age-matched monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twin pairs (a nose-reference was used). The figure shows that the individual P50 potential distributions, determined on the basis of the strength and orientation of activity sources in the bilateral auditory cortices, are more similar within than between twin pairs.
Biological Psychiatry  , DOI: ( /j.biopsych )
Copyright © 2006 Society of Biological Psychiatry Terms and Conditions

3. Figure 2
Grand-average event-related potential (ERP) (deviant minus standard) difference waves in the schizophrenia patients, their co-twins, and the healthy control subjects. The figure indicates that at the group level, mismatch negativity (MMN) was abolished in the schizophrenia patients, whereas no significant differences emerged between their co-twins and the control subjects.
Biological Psychiatry  , DOI: ( /j.biopsych )
Copyright © 2006 Society of Biological Psychiatry Terms and Conditions

4. Figure 3
Group-average magnetoencephalography (MEG) source-modeling results, co-registered to a three-dimensional standard-brain volume (Evans et al 1993), showing the P50m origins on a horizontal view tilted along the Sylvian fissure. As shown in the figure, P50m originates more anterior in the control subjects than in schizophrenia patients and their co-twins. STG, superior temporal gyrus; HG, Heschl’s gyrus; PT, planum temporale.
Biological Psychiatry  , DOI: ( /j.biopsych )
Copyright © 2006 Society of Biological Psychiatry Terms and Conditions

5. Figure 4
Standardized Z scores of the event-related potential (ERP) response amplitudes in the healthy control subjects and in the dizygotic (DZ) and monozygotic (MZ) co-twins of the schizophrenia patients. The figure indicates that the P50 and N100 amplitudes decrease as genetic relatedness to schizophrenia patients increases. The error bars denote SEM.
Biological Psychiatry  , DOI: ( /j.biopsych )
Copyright © 2006 Society of Biological Psychiatry Terms and Conditions