2. 3 Membranes and the Integumentary System
Lesson 3.1: Body Membranes Lesson 3.2: The Integumentary System Lesson 3.3: Injuries and Disorders of the Skin

3. Chapter 3: Membranes and the Integumentary System
Lesson 3.1
Body Membranes

4. Do Now – Pick 4 words and write the definition of each.
Membranes – Pg. 84
Pleura – Pg. 84
Cutaneous Membranes – Pg. 84
Serous Fluids – Pg. 84
Serous Membranes – Pg. 84
Epithelial Membranes – Pg. 84
Synovial Fluid – Pg. 84
Mucous Membranes – Pg. 84
Synovial Membranes – Pg. 84
Pericardium – Pg. 84
Peritoneum – Pg. 84

5. Today’s Objectives
Identify the different types of body membranes and explain their functions.
Explain the purposes of serous fluid and synovial fluid.

6. Body Membranes
Membranes – surround and help protect the body’s surfaces.
Include cavities that open to the outside world, internal cavities that house body organs, capsules that surround ball-and-socket synovial joints and the skin.
Epithelial membranes
mucous membranes
serous membranes
cutaneous membranes
connective tissue membranes
synovial membranes

7. Epithelial Membranes Mucous membranes
line cavities open to the environment
Includes all of the hollow organs of the respiratory, digestive, urinary, and reproductive tracts.
Examples: mouth, nose, lungs, digestive tract, and bladder.
Structure
Comprised of a layer of epithelium on top of loose connective tissue
Mucous membranes are all moist: the membranes of the digestive and respiratory tracts secrete mucus, and glands in the urinary tract add mucus there.
Mucus is a slippery solution that protects the mucous membranes and aids in transporting substances.

8. Serous membranes line cavities not open to environment Structure
pleura – encloses the lungs
Pericardium – surrounds the heart
Peritoneum – lines the abdominal cavity
Structure
Outer layer of simple squamous (flattened) epithelium on a thin layer of loose connective tissue.
Secrete a thin, clear fluid called serous fluid
Lubricates between the parietal and visceral membranes to minimize friction and “wear and tear” on organs that move within the linings, such as the heart.

9. Cutaneous membranes form what we know as skin Structure
The basic structure of skin is a keratinizing stratified (layered) squamous epithelium over dense, fibrous connective tissue.

10. Mucous Membranes and Serous Membranes

11. Connective Tissue Membranes
Synovial membrane
capsule around synovial joint
Example: Shoulder and knee
tendon sheath – the connective tissue that surrounds tendons, as well as bursae
Bursae – the small connective tissue sacs that serve as cushions for tendons and ligaments surround the joints.
synovial fluid – provides cushioning and reduces friction and wear on moving structures.

12. Review and Assessment
Match these words with 1–4 below: synovial, mucous, cutaneous, serous. 1. line cavities open to the environment 2. line cavities not open to the environment 3. tendon sheath 4. form skin

13. END

14. Exit Ticket
Membranes surround and protect which of the following surfaces?
a. ball-and-socket synovial joints
b. internal cavities housing organs
c. cavities open to the outside world
d. all of the above
e. none of the above

15. 2) True or False: Mucous Membranes tend to be dry
2) True or False: Mucous Membranes tend to be dry. 3) ______ membranes provide a lining for the internal and external surfaces of the body. a. Mucous b. Cutaneous c. Serous d. Epithelial

16. 4) The cutaneous membrane is the same name for what we know as ____________. a. the lungs b. the digestive tract c. the skin d. the bladder

17. 5) True or False: Serous fluid serves as a lubricant between membranes to minimize friction.

18. Answers
D. All of the above
False
D. Epithelial
C. The Skin
True

19. The Integumentary System
Chapter 3: Membranes and the Integumentary System
Lesson 3.2
The Integumentary System

20. Do Now – Pick 4 words and write the definition of each.
Integumentary System – Pg. 91
Epidermal dendritic Cells – Pg. 91
Keratin – Pg. 91
Merkel Cells – Pg. 91
Melanocytes – Pg. 91
Papillary Layer – Pg. 91
Melanin – Pg. 91
Reticular Layer – Pg. 91
Epidermis – Pg. 91
Sudoriferous Glands – Pg. 91
Dermis – Pg. 91
Sebaceous Glands – Pg. 91
Hypodermis – Pg. 91
Sebum – Pg. 91
Keratinocytes – Pg. 91

21. Today’s Objectives Explain how the skin continually regenerates.
Describe the processes by which the skin helps to regulate body temperature.
Explain the different protective functions of the skin.
Identify the different glands and sensory receptors present in skin and describe their functions.

22. The Integumentary System
Functions of the integumentary system
Anatomy of the skin
Appendages of the skin

23. Functions of the Integumentary System
The skin forms a protective cover that serves a variety of purposes.
The skin acts as the first line of defense in protecting the underlying tissues.
protects against
abrasion
chemical damage
drying out
UV radiation damage

24. regulates body temperature
When the body is overheated, capillaries dilate (expand), allowing heat to escape.
Sweat glands become active by producing sweat that evaporates which cools the skin.
During cold temperatures, the capillaries constrict (tighten), and blood flow moves to deeper vessels away from the skin to minimize heat loss.

25. The skin contains specialized cells in the skin called melanocytes.
Melanocytes produce melanin.
Melanin is the pigment that protects the body against the harmful effects of the sun.
Melanin is responsible for human skin color.
The skin also contains specialized cutaneous sensory receptors.
These receptors transmit nerve signals that contain information about the environment, including touch, pressure, vibration, pain, and temperature.

26. The skin contains keratin - the skin’s outermost layer
Keratin is a tough protein also found in hair and nails that adds structural strength.
Helps protect the skin against damage from harmful chemicals.
Serves as a water barrier and prevents water from entering the body during bathing or swimming.

27. Functions of the Integumentary System

28. Anatomy of the Skin
epidermis
dermis
hypodermis

29. Review and Assessment True or False?
1. The dermis is the superficial layer of the skin.
2. The skin helps regulate body temperature.
3. The epidermis has three layers.
4. The hypodermis is above the dermis.
5. The skin protects against UV radiation.

30. Epidermal Cells The epidermis is the outer layer of the skin.
This is the layer of skin that we see.
Contains 5 layers of tissue from superficial to deep.
Starting from the outside and going deep
Stratum corneum – consists of dead cells that continually shed.
Stratum lucidum – thick skin found on palms, fingers, soles of the feet, and toes.
Stratum granulosum -
Stratum spinosum
Stratum basale – absorbs nutrients from the adjacent dermis. Produce new skin cells.

31. Layers of the Epidermis

32. Epidermis keratinocytes epidermal dendritic cells Merkel cells
produce keratin, form layers of epidermis
epidermal dendritic cells
Respond to foreign bacteria or viruses to ward off infections
Merkel cells
Located in the stratum basale
Function: touch receptors
Relay touch information to the brain.

33. Dermis
dense, fibrous connective tissue composed of collagen and elastic fibers.
Collagen provides toughness and binds with water to keep inner skin moist.
Elastic fibers keep the skin from wrinkling or sagging.
Phagocytes in the dermis are responsible for ingesting foreign material including bacteria and dead cells.

34. Dermis papillary layer reticular layer forms fingerprints
Includes blood, sweat, oil glands,
involuntary muscle, hair follicles and nerve endings

35. Hypodermis Made up of fibrous connective tissue
adipose tissue provides:
padding
insulation
energy storage

36. Appendages of the Skin sudoriferous (sweat) glands sebaceous glands
Eccrine – major sweat glands of the body secretes primarily water.
Apocrine – located in the genital and armpit areas.
sebaceous glands
Located all over the body
Produce oily substance called
sebum
hair
nails

37. Review and Assessment
Fill in the blanks with: hypodermis, keratinocytes, sweat, or papillary.
1. Eccrine is a type of _______________ gland.
2. _______________ produce keratin.
3. Adipose tissue is found in the _______________.
4. The _______________ of the dermis forms fingerprints.

38. END

39. Exit Ticket The skin is made up of which two layers?
a. epidermis and hypodermis
b. epidermis and dermis
c. hypodermis and dermis
d. dermis and underlying tissue

40. 2) Which of the following are considered to be appendages of the skin
2) Which of the following are considered to be appendages of the skin? a. Sweat glands b. Hypoglands c. Hair d. Both A and C e. All of the above

41. 3) True or False: Keratin is primarily responsible for human skin color.

42. Injuries and Disorders of the Skin
Chapter 3: Membranes and the Integumentary System
Lesson 3.3
Injuries and Disorders of the Skin

43. Injuries and Disorders of the Skin
injuries of the skin
infections of the skin and membranes
inflammatory conditions of the skin and membranes
cancers of the skin

44. Injuries of the Skin decubitus ulcers burns bedsores
caused by restricted blood supply
burns
first-, second- or third-degree
caused by heat, chemicals, electricity or UV radiation
rule of nines
Suzanne Tucker/Shutterstock.com, JTeffects/Shutterstock.com, Naiyyer/Shutterstock.com

45. Infections of the Skin and Membranes
viral infections
herpes varicella
herpes zoster
herpes simplex virus type 1 or type 2
human papillomavirus
warts
Maksym Bondarchuk/Shutterstock.com

46. Infections of the Skin and Membranes
fungal infections
athlete’s foot
jock itch
ringworm
toenail fungus
bacterial infections
impetigo
cellulitis

47. Inflammatory Conditions of the Skin and Membranes
pleurisy
makes smooth surface of pleura rough
peritonitis
infection of peritoneum
psoriasis
involves redness and irritation
Kenxro/Shutterstock.com

48. Cancers of the Skin basal cell carcinoma squamous cell carcinoma
malignant melanoma
ABCD rule
Librakv/Shutterstock.com

49. Review and Assessment True or False?
1. Herpes zoster causes decubitus ulcers.
2. Peritonitis is an infection of the skin.
3. Impetigo is caused by a fungus.
4. Warts are caused by a virus.
5. Ringworm is caused by a fungus.