1. Facultative Precancerous Diseases

2. LOOKING but not SEEING

3. TYPES OF TUMORS Benign Tumors Precancerous lesions Maligant Tumors
***DIAGNOSIS: Secondary Prevention  Early Lesion

4. A precancerous condition or premalignant condition, sometimes called a potentially precancerous condition or potentially premalignant condition, is a state of disordered morphology of cells that is associated with an increased risk of cancer. If left untreated, these conditions may lead to cancer
precancerous condition is also called speckled leukoplakia or speckled erythroplakia. The risk of oral cavity cancer developing from erythroleukoplakia falls between the risk for leukoplakia and erythroplakia.

5. Facultative vs. Obligatory
Obligate
Facultative

6. Facultative: 1. In general, not obligatory but rather capable of adapting to different conditions. These facultative precancerous : The most typical setting that of chronic irritation and inflammation.

7. What you may see CLINICALLY
Leukoplakia
Speckled leukoplakia
Leukoerythroplakia
Erythrokoplakia
Erytholeukoplakia
Speckled erythroplakia
Granular erythroplakia
Erythroplakia
Ulceration
proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL)
oral submucous fibrosis.

8. Signs & Sypmtoms A lump or thickening in the oral soft tissues
Soreness or a feeling that something is caught in the throat
Difficulty chewing or swallowing
Ear pain
Difficulty moving the jaw or tongue
Hoarseness
Numbness of the tongue or other structures

9. LEUKOPLAKIA
Leukoplakia is a condition in which thick, white patches form on the tongue and the lining of the cheeks of the mouth. Smoking is the most common cause, but other irritants can cause this condition as well. Mild leukoplakia is usually harmless and generally goes away on its own.

10. Leukoplakia
Atrophy of epithelium on the tongue & lips as a sequel to recurrent acute or chronic inflammation of the mucosa has been shown to promote the development of leukoplakia. The mechanism underlying such changes is not infrequently endogenous. Szodoray (1963) & Maskillejson (1969) regarded photosensitive cheilitis as a precancerous state and Venkei and J. Sugar (1965) classified the chronic forms of cheilitis as facultative precancerous changes that pre-dispose to the development of frank precancerosis, leukoplakia

11. PROLIFERATIVE VERRUCOUS LEUKOPLAKIA

12. ERYTHROPLAKIA
Erythroplakia is a red patch on the oral mucosa that cannot be accounted for by any specific disease entity. A lesion that is both white and red.

13. ORAL SUBMUCOUS FIBROSIS

14. ADJUNCTIVE TECHNIQUES
Diagnostic Adjuncts??
Loupes
White light
Vital stains
Light-based adjuncts
Cytopathologic adjuncts

15. Light-based Adjuncts

16. Vital Stains

17. VELSCOPE

18. PREVENTION Drink alcohol in moderation
The risk of developing oral cancer increases with the amount and length of time alcohol and tobacco products are used.
Limit your exposure to the sun.
 It's important to see your dentist regularly for screenings.
Good diet

19. TREATMENT
Surgery
Hairy leukoplakia requires treatment with an antiviral medication.
Avoiding pre-disposing factors
Cryotherapy

20. Thank you for your attention :’)