1. Health 8
CHAPTER 13 LESSON 1

2. CHAPTER 15, LESSON 1 I. YOUR BODY’S FRAMEWORK
A. Your body’s framework, which is called the skeletal system is made up of bones, joints, and connective tissue.

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B. The 206 bones that shape your skeleton are living tissue, composed of cells. Besides providing a framework for your body bones:
allow movement
provide support
protect other body parts

4. Chapter 15, Lesson 1 form new blood cells store minerals

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C. Joints are the points at which bones meet.

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D. The different types of joints include the following:
Hinge joints - (elbows and knees) move in one direction only.
gliding joints - (wrists and ankles) enable bones to slide over one another

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Hinge Joints

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Gliding Joints

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Pivot Joints (between the neck and head) moves from side to side and up and down and allows for limited rotation

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Pivot Joints

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Ball and socket joints (hips and shoulders) move in all directions, allowing complete rotation.

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Ball and socket joint

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` E. The bones in your skeletal system are linked to each other and to muscles by strong connective tissues. These are:
Cartilage. This strong, flexible tissue provides cushioning at your joints. Your nose and ears are made up of cartilage.

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Cartilage

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Ligaments. These are strong cords of tissue that connect the bones in each joint. Ligaments hold bones.

16. Chapter 15, Lesson 1 Ligaments

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Tendons. These tough bands of tissue attach your muscle to bones. You can feel a large tendon on the back of your leg just above your heel.

18. Chapter 15, Lesson 1 II. PROBLEMS OF THE SKELETAL SYSTEM
A. Injuries, poor posture, and poor food choices can damage the skeletal systems.

19. Chapter 15, Lesson 1 Common Problems of the Skeletal System are:
1. A fracture - a break in a bone caused by an injury. It results in swelling and sometimes extreme pain.

20. Chapter 15, Lesson 1 Fracture

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2. A dislocation occurs when a bone is pushed out of its joint, usually stretching or tearing a ligament.

22. Chapter 15, Lesson 1 Dislocation

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3. A sprain is a stretching or twisting of ligaments in a joint, causing swelling.
4. Osteoarthritis is a breakdown of cartilage that causes swelling and stiffness of joints. It is caused by wear and tear.

24. Chapter 15, Lesson 1 Osteoarthritis

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5. Scoliosis is a sideways curvature of the spine. In most cases the cause is not known.
6. Osteoporosis is characterized by brittle and porous bones. It develops because of long-term deficiencies of calcium and certain hormones. insufficient Vitamin D and lack of exercise.

26. Chapter 15, Lesson 1 Osteoporosis

27. Chapter 15, Lesson 1 III. CARE OF THE SKELETAL SYSTEM
A. You can add to your bone mass only while you are still growing, so now is an important time to focus on building healthy bones.

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B. Following healthful habits will help you strengthen your skeletal system now and for years to come.
1. Be physically active.
2. Eat foods high in calcium and phosphorus.

29. Chapter 15, Lesson 1 Foods high in calcium

30. Chapter 15, Lesson 1 Foods high in phosphorus

31. Chapter 15, Lesson 1 3. Sit, stand and walk with straight posture.
4. Wear properly fitting shoes with good arch support.

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