1. Descent With Modification: Darwinian View of Life
AP Biology
Crosby High School

2. History Plato: Real world vs. Illusory world Aristotle: Scala Naturae
Natural Theology (1700s)
Carolus Linnaeus
For the “Greater Glory of God”
Created Binomial Nomenclature
King Phillip Came Over From Great Spain

3. Cuvier and Catastrophism
Documented succesion of fossil species in Paris Basin
Deeper fossils more distant from modern life
Noted that extinction is reoccuring throughout history
Advocated Catastrophism
Each stratum is a catastrophe
Repopulation occurred by immigrating species

4. Geological Processes James Hutton (1795) Charles Lyell
Gradualism: Profound change occurs through slow, continuous processes
Charles Lyell
Uniformitarianism: Same geologic processes

5. Jean Baptiste Lamarck Published Theory of Evolution (1809)
Natural History Museum in Paris
What you don’t use, you lose.
Inheritance of acquired characteristics

6. Charles Darwin Left Edinburgh at 16 for Christ College at Cambridge
Mentored by Reverend John Henslow
Asked to join Captain Robert FitzRoy of HMS Beagle

7. The Famous Voyage Left in December of 1831
Meant to study the South American Coastline to make a better map
Darwin spent time on land collecting specimens
Noticed specific adaptations to environment
Flora and Fauna had distinct S. American characteristics

8. The Discovery Returned in 1836 and looked over his notes
Galapagos animals
Existed nowhere else in the world
Closely related to those on S. America
Finches
Principles of Geology by Lyell
Questioned the static nature of Earth

9. The Idea Natural Selection was responsible for new species
Alfred Wallace (1858)
Darwin: “Your words have come true with a vengeance…I never saw a more striking coincidence…so all my originality, whatever it may amount to, will be smashed.”
Published a paper on Natural Selection with extracts from Darwin’s work

10. Descent With Modification
All descended from an unknown ancestor
Developed diverse modifications

11. Darwin’s Main Ideas
Natural selection is differential success in reproduction
Natural selection occurs through an interaction between the environment and the variability inherent among the individual organisms making up a population
The product of natural selection is adaptation of a population of organisms to their environment

12. How It Works
Each generation has heritable variation filtered by the environment
Favored traits are overrepresented in the next generation
Artificial selection can help explain natural selection

13. Some Things to Consider
Population: Interbreeding individuals belonging to a particular species in the same area
Only amplifies inherited variation
Natural Selection is situational

14. Support For Natural Selection
Insect Resistance to insecticide
Drug resistant HIV
Homology: Similarity in characteristics resulting from common ancestry

15. Homology Anatomical: Homologous structures Vestigial Organs
Snakes show remnants of pelvic and leg bones
Embryologic: Pharyngeal Pouches
Molecular: Genetic Code

16. Homologous Structures and Resistance

17. Biogeography
A species is more closely related to other species in the same area
Marsupials vs. Eutherians