1. The Coastline & Beaches

2. Develop from waves with an oblique angle of approach
Longshore currents
Develop from waves with an oblique angle of approach

3. Coastline Features

4. Coastal Features 2

5. Coastal Feature Formation

6. Spit Formation

7. Groin

8. Jetty

9. Breakwater

10. What armoring did to North Myrtle Beach, South Carolina, once touted as the world's widest -- armoring leads to enhanced erosion in front of the sea wall
South Carolina banned hardened structures in 1988, but by the time the law was passed, 27 percent of the state's coast was already armored, compared with only 5 percent of North Carolina's developed shoreline when it enacted the ban in 1985.
Both states join Maine as the only states to ban hardened structures.
For most states, it's too late, according to Orrin Pilkey of Duke University.
About 50% of the New Jersey shore is fortified, 45% of Florida, 80% of Georgia and 70% of Virginia.

11. The Beach
A beach is a deposit of sand or larger rock fragments along an ocean shore or a lakefront.

12. Composition of Beaches
Volcanic – black –
Hawaii
Granite – tan –
northeast US
Coral – pink – Bermuda

13. A typical beach profile

15. Dunes: Please protect!

16. Backshore & the berm (where to put your towel)

17. Foreshore & beach face: wave swash & backwash

19. Illustration of seasonal sand transport
Carlsbad State Beach
summer 1978
Spring 1983 after winter of severe storms

20. Seasonal Cycle of a Beach